Tivis Laura J, Tivis Rick D
Institute of Rural Health, Idaho State University-Boise, Boise, Idaho 8371, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Sep;32(9):1670-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00744.x. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
While some reported benefits of moderate drinking are thought to be the direct results of physiological mechanisms associated with consumption, other effects may be attributable to mediating factors. Both explanations suggest that moderate drinkers may be healthier than nondrinking and heavier-drinking peers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate-drinking postmenopausal women report healthier dietary and exercise patterns, and whether they demonstrate better physiological functioning compared with peers. This study also aimed to describe patterns of relationships between alcohol and measures of general health functioning in postmenopausal women.
One-hundred and fifteen women aged 50 to 65 participated. Participants completed alcohol interviews, diet and exercise questionnaires, and bone density examination. Blood pressure, height, and weight were assessed, and blood was collected to conduct basic chemistry and complete blood count tests.
Postmenopausal moderate drinkers failed to demonstrate healthier dietary or exercise habits, and did not exhibit significantly better health-functioning compared with peers. They did evidence positive associations between drinking and healthy behavior, and between drinking and cardiovascular health. Relationships between alcohol and blood analytes differed between drinking groups, some of which suggested possible negative health consequences for higher-end drinkers in both drinking groups.
These data suggested that moderate-drinking postmenopausal women are not significantly healthier than their non- or heavier-drinking peers, but may drink as part of a larger effort to take care of their health. Despite this, even 1-drink-per-drinking-day moderate drinkers may have tendencies toward unhealthy conditions. Limitations include small sample size, inability to assess specific cardiac risk and socioeconomic status, small number of correlations, and clinical relevance of analyte values.
虽然一些报道称适度饮酒的益处被认为是与饮酒相关的生理机制的直接结果，但其他影响可能归因于中介因素。这两种解释都表明，适度饮酒者可能比不饮酒和饮酒较多的同龄人更健康。本研究的目的是确定绝经后适度饮酒的女性是否报告有更健康的饮食和运动模式，以及与同龄人相比她们是否表现出更好的生理功能。本研究还旨在描述绝经后女性饮酒与总体健康功能指标之间的关系模式。
115名年龄在50至65岁之间的女性参与了研究。参与者完成了饮酒访谈、饮食和运动问卷以及骨密度检查。评估了血压、身高和体重，并采集血液进行基础化学和全血细胞计数测试。
绝经后适度饮酒者并未表现出更健康的饮食或运动习惯，与同龄人相比也未表现出明显更好的健康功能。她们确实证明了饮酒与健康行为之间以及饮酒与心血管健康之间存在正相关。饮酒组之间酒精与血液分析物之间的关系有所不同，其中一些表明两个饮酒组中饮酒量较高者可能存在负面健康后果。
这些数据表明，绝经后适度饮酒的女性并不比不饮酒或饮酒较多的同龄人明显更健康，但她们饮酒可能是为了更全面地照顾自己的健康。尽管如此，即使是每天饮酒一杯的适度饮酒者也可能有出现不健康状况的倾向。局限性包括样本量小、无法评估特定的心脏风险和社会经济地位、相关性数量少以及分析物值的临床相关性。
