Pawlak Cornelius R, Ho Ying-Jui, Schwarting Rainer K W
Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, J 5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Oct;32(8):1544-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.06.007. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
The role of individual factors in behavioural neuroscience is an important, but still neglected area of research. The present review aims to give, first, an outline of the most elaborated theory on animal behaviour, and second, an overview of systematic approaches of historic and present animal models of human psychopathology based on individual differences. This overview will be focused on animal models of unselected subjects (i.e. natural variance of a specific behaviour within a given population) and selected breeding for a specific behaviour. Accordingly, an outline of the personality model from Gray and McNaughton of individual behaviour in animals is given first. Then, a comprehensive overview of past and current animal models in novelty-seeking (i.e. psychomotor activation and exploration behaviour) based on systematic individual differences and its relationship to addiction is presented. Third, this will be followed by a comprehensive overview of individual differences in previous and present animal models for anxiety. Finally, critical aspects of such approaches in animal research are discussed, and suggestions are given where to go from here.
个体因素在行为神经科学中的作用是一个重要但仍被忽视的研究领域。本综述旨在，首先，概述关于动物行为最详尽的理论，其次，概述基于个体差异的人类精神病理学历史和当前动物模型的系统方法。本概述将聚焦于未选择个体的动物模型（即给定群体内特定行为的自然变异）以及针对特定行为的选择性育种。相应地，首先给出了格雷和麦克诺顿的动物个体行为人格模型概述。然后，基于系统个体差异及其与成瘾的关系，对过去和当前寻求新奇行为（即精神运动激活和探索行为）的动物模型进行了全面综述。第三，接下来将全面综述过去和当前焦虑动物模型中的个体差异。最后，讨论了动物研究中此类方法的关键方面，并给出了后续研究方向的建议。
