Hennig-Fast Kristina, Meister Franziska, Frodl Thomas, Beraldi Anna, Padberg Frank, Engel Rolf R, Reiser Maximilian, Möller Hans-Jürgen, Meindl Thomas
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, Munich, Germany.
Neuropsychologia. 2008 Oct;46(12):2993-3005. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.014. Epub 2008 Jun 21.
Autobiographical memory relies on complex interactions between episodic memory contents, associated emotions and a sense of self-continuity over the course of one's life. This paper reports a study based upon the case of the patient NN who suffered from a complete loss of autobiographical memory and awareness of identity subsequent to a dissociative fugue. Neuropsychological, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging tests converged on the conclusion that NN suffered from a selective retrograde amnesia following an episode of dissociative fugue, during which he had lost explicit knowledge and vivid memory of his personal past. NN's loss of self-related memories was mirrored in neurobiological changes after the fugue whereas his semantic memory remained intact. Although NN still claimed to suffer from a stable loss of autobiographical, self-relevant memories 1 year after the fugue state, a proportionate improvement in underlying fronto-temporal neuronal networks was evident at this point in time. In spite of this improvement in neuronal activation, his anterograde visual memory had been decreased. It is posited that our data provide evidence for the important role of visual processing in autobiographical memory as well as for the efficiency of protective control mechanisms that constitute functional retrograde amnesia.
自传体记忆依赖于情景记忆内容、相关情感以及个体一生中自我连续性的复杂相互作用。本文报告了一项基于患者NN的研究，该患者在分离性神游症后出现了自传体记忆和身份意识的完全丧失。神经心理学、行为学和功能性神经影像学测试得出的结论一致，即NN在分离性神游症发作后患有选择性逆行性遗忘症，在此期间他失去了对个人过去的明确知识和生动记忆。NN与自我相关记忆的丧失在神游症后的神经生物学变化中得到体现，而他的语义记忆仍保持完整。尽管在神游症状态1年后，NN仍声称自传体、与自我相关的记忆持续丧失，但此时额叶-颞叶神经网络有了相应改善。尽管神经元激活有所改善，但其顺行性视觉记忆却有所下降。我们的数据表明，视觉加工在自传体记忆中起着重要作用，同时也证明了构成功能性逆行性遗忘症的保护性控制机制的有效性。
