Noulhiane M, Piolino P, Hasboun D, Clemenceau S, Baulac M, Samson S
Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et d'Imagerie Cérébrale, LENA CNRS UPR 640, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CHU Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3184-99. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm258. Epub 2007 Nov 6.
This study examined the contribution of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in autobiographical memory. While some investigators have reported a temporal gradient in memory performance, characterized by retrieval difficulties limited to recent periods of life [Squire and Alvarez (Retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation: a neurobiological perspective. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 169-77)], others have suggested that this impairment involves all life-time periods [Nadel and Moscovitch (Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1997; 7: 217-27)]. In this study, autobiographical memory was assessed in 22 patients who had undergone a left (n = 12) or a right (n = 10) MTL resection for the relief of epileptic seizures and in 22 normal control participants. For this purpose, we used an autobiographical memory task (TEMPau, Piolino et al., 2003) across four time periods covering the subjects' entire lifespan. For each period, an overall autobiographical memory score (AM score) was obtained, from which a strictly episodic score (SE score), characterized by specificity and richness of details, was computed. For all events recalled, Remember responses justified by specificity of factual, spatial and temporal contents (jR responses) were measured using the Remember/Know paradigm. MRI volumetric analyses performed on the medial (i.e. hippocampus, temporopolar, entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices) and lateral temporal (i.e. superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri) lobe structures stated that the resection mainly included MTL structures. AM and SE scores were impaired in patients with right and left MTL resections as compared to normal controls across all time periods, reflecting the patients' particular difficulty in producing specific and detailed memories across all periods. This impairment was associated with poor autonoetic consciousness, revealed by the small number of jR responses across all periods. Results of correlation analysis between MRI volume measures of temporal lobe structures and autobiographical memory scores suggest that the right MTL structures are particularly responsive in reliving the encoding context regardless of remoteness. Our results support the bilateral MTL contribution to episodic autobiographical memory covering the entire lifespan, which is consistent with the multiple trace theory of MTL function [Moscovitch et al. (Functional neuroanatomy of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory: a unified account based on multiple trace theory. J Anat 2005; 207: 35-66.)].
本研究考察了内侧颞叶（MTL）结构在自传体记忆中的作用。一些研究者报告了记忆表现中的时间梯度，其特征是检索困难仅限于生命中的近期阶段[Squire和Alvarez（逆行性遗忘与记忆巩固：神经生物学视角。《当代神经生物学》1995年；5：169 - 177）]，而另一些研究者则认为这种损害涉及生命中的所有阶段[Nadel和Moscovitch（记忆巩固、逆行性遗忘与海马复合体。《当代神经生物学》1997年；7：217 - 227）]。在本研究中，对22例因缓解癫痫发作而接受左侧（n = 12）或右侧（n = 10）MTL切除术的患者以及22名正常对照参与者进行了自传体记忆评估。为此，我们使用了一个自传体记忆任务（TEMPau，Piolino等人，2003），该任务涵盖了受试者整个生命周期的四个时间段。对于每个时间段，获得一个总体自传体记忆分数（AM分数），并从中计算出一个严格的情节性分数（SE分数），其特征是细节的特异性和丰富性。对于所有回忆起的事件，使用回忆/知道范式测量基于事实、空间和时间内容特异性的正确回忆反应（jR反应）。对内侧（即海马体、颞极、内嗅皮质、嗅周皮质和海马旁皮质）和外侧颞叶（即颞上回、颞中回和颞下回）结构进行的MRI体积分析表明，切除术主要包括MTL结构。与正常对照相比，右侧和左侧MTL切除术患者在所有时间段的AM和SE分数均受损，这反映出患者在生成所有时间段的具体和详细记忆方面存在特殊困难。这种损害与自我觉知意识差有关，这在所有时间段的jR反应数量较少中得到体现。颞叶结构的MRI体积测量与自传体记忆分数之间的相关性分析结果表明，无论记忆的久远程度如何，右侧MTL结构在重现编码情境方面特别敏感。我们的结果支持双侧MTL对涵盖整个生命周期的情节性自传体记忆的作用，这与MTL功能的多重痕迹理论一致[Moscovitch等人（遥远情节性、语义性和空间记忆的功能性神经解剖学：基于多重痕迹理论的统一解释。《解剖学杂志》2005年；207：35 - 66）]。
