Elbers Armin R W, Backx Anoek, Meroc Estelle, Gerbier Guillaume, Staubach Christoph, Hendrickx Guy, van der Spek Arco, Mintiens Koen
Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands.
Prev Vet Med. 2008 Oct 15;87(1-2):21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Jul 11.
Starting August 2006, a major epidemic of bluetongue (BT) was identified in North-West Europe, affecting The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg and the North of France. It was caused by BT virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), a serotype previously unknown to the European Union (EU). In this outbreak, the virus caused clinical disease in a few individual animals within cattle herds, whereas overt clinical disease was usually restricted to sheep. Investigations in Belgium suggested that the first clinical signs of BTV-8 appeared mid July 2006 in a cattle herd, while the first suspicion of a BT-outbreak in Belgium was reported on 17 August 2006. In the first 10 BTV-8 outbreaks in the Netherlands, the owners indicated that the first clinical signs started approximately 12-17 days before a suspicion was reported to the veterinary authorities via a veterinary practitioner. In BTV-8 affected sheep flocks, erosions of the oral mucosa, fever, salivation, facial and mandibular oedema, apathy and tiredness, mortality, oedema of the lips, lameness, and dysphagia were among the most frequent clinical signs recorded. The most prominent clinical signs in BTV-8 affected cattle herds were: crusts/lesions of the nasal mucosa, erosions of lips/crusts in or around the nostrils, erosions of the oral mucosa, salivation, fever, conjunctivitis, coronitis, muscle necrosis, and stiffness of the limbs. Crusts/lesions of nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, hyperaemic/purple coloration and lesions of the teats, and redness/hypersensitivity of the skin were relatively more seen on outbreak farms with cattle compared to sheep. Mortality, oedema of the head and ears, coronitis, redness of the oral mucosa, erosions/ulceration of tongue mucosa, purple coloration of the tongue and tongue protrusion and dyspneu were relatively more seen on outbreak farms with sheep compared to cattle.
自2006年8月起，西北欧地区确认发生了蓝舌病（BT）大流行，波及荷兰、比利时、德国、卢森堡和法国北部。此次疫情由蓝舌病病毒血清型8（BTV-8）引起，该血清型此前不为欧盟（EU）所知。在此次疫情中，该病毒在牛群中的个别动物身上引发了临床疾病，而明显的临床疾病通常局限于绵羊。比利时的调查表明，BTV-8的首批临床症状于2006年7月中旬出现在一个牛群中，而比利时首次报告疑似蓝舌病疫情是在2006年8月17日。在荷兰的前10起BTV-8疫情中，养殖户表示，首批临床症状大约在通过兽医向兽医当局报告疑似疫情的12 - 17天前就已出现。在受BTV-8影响的羊群中，口腔黏膜糜烂、发热、流涎、面部和下颌水肿、冷漠和疲惫、死亡、唇部水肿、跛行和吞咽困难是记录到的最常见临床症状。在受BTV-8影响的牛群中，最突出的临床症状有：鼻黏膜结痂/损伤、嘴唇糜烂/鼻孔内或周围结痂、口腔黏膜糜烂、流涎、发热、结膜炎、蹄冠炎、肌肉坏死和肢体僵硬。与绵羊养殖场相比，牛养殖场中鼻黏膜结痂/损伤、结膜炎、乳头充血/发紫和损伤以及皮肤发红/过敏更为常见。与牛养殖场相比，绵羊养殖场中死亡、头部和耳部水肿、蹄冠炎、口腔黏膜发红、舌黏膜糜烂/溃疡、舌头发紫和伸出以及呼吸困难更为常见。
