Markowitz L E, Nieburg P
Division of Immunization, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 May-Jun;13 Suppl 6:S555-61. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_6.s555.
Measles is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in developing countries. Hospital and community-based studies of ALRI have found that measles accounts for 6%-21% of the morbidity and 8%-93% of the mortality due to ALRI. Although live attenuated measles vaccine is one of the most effective vaccines in use today, measles has not been controlled in many parts of the world, primarily because the levels of vaccine coverage required to interrupt measles transmission have not been achieved. In addition, in some areas, a large percentage of cases of measles occur in infants who are younger than the age recommended for vaccination. Recent studies suggest that the Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine may be more immunogenic than other vaccine strains in young infants. A substantial proportion of ALRI could be prevented by increasing measles vaccine coverage and by the use of particular vaccine strains in younger children.
麻疹是发展中国家急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）的主要病因。基于医院和社区的ALRI研究发现，麻疹占ALRI发病率的6%-21%，占其死亡率的8%-93%。尽管减毒活麻疹疫苗是目前使用的最有效疫苗之一，但在世界许多地区麻疹仍未得到控制，主要原因是尚未达到中断麻疹传播所需的疫苗接种覆盖率。此外，在一些地区，很大比例的麻疹病例发生在未达到推荐接种年龄的婴儿身上。最近的研究表明，埃登斯顿- Zagreb麻疹疫苗在幼儿中可能比其他疫苗株更具免疫原性。通过提高麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率以及在年幼儿童中使用特定疫苗株，可以预防相当一部分的ALRI。
