Watson Amy C, Morabito Melissa Schaefer, Draine Jeffrey, Ottati Victor
Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1040 W Harrison Street, MC 309, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2008 Aug-Sep;31(4):359-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Jul 15.
The large numbers of people with mental illness in jails and prisons has fueled policy concern in all domains of the justice system. This includes police practice, where initial decisions to involve persons in the justice system or divert them to mental health services are made. One approach to focus police response in these situations is the implementation of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT). The CIT model is being implemented widely, with over 400 programs currently operating. While the limited evidence on CIT effectiveness is promising, research on CIT is limited in scope and conceptualization-much of it focusing on officer characteristics and training. In this paper we review the literature on CIT and present a conceptual model of police response to persons with mental illness that accounts for officer, organizational, mental health system and community level factors likely to influence implementation and effectiveness of CIT and other approaches. By moving our conceptualizations and research in this area to new levels of specificity, we may contribute more to effectiveness research on these interventions.
监狱中患有精神疾病的人数众多，这引发了司法系统各领域的政策关注。这包括警察执法，在此过程中会做出让某人进入司法系统或转介其接受心理健康服务的初步决定。在这些情况下，一种集中警察应对措施的方法是实施危机干预小组（CIT）。CIT模式正在广泛推行，目前有400多个项目在运作。虽然关于CIT有效性的有限证据很有前景，但对CIT的研究在范围和概念化方面存在局限——其中大部分研究集中在警察的特征和培训上。在本文中，我们回顾了关于CIT的文献，并提出了一个警察对患有精神疾病者的应对概念模型，该模型考虑了可能影响CIT及其他方法的实施和有效性的警察、组织、心理健康系统及社区层面的因素。通过将我们在这一领域的概念化和研究提升到新的具体程度，我们可能会为这些干预措施的有效性研究做出更多贡献。
