Rauscher Kimberly J, Runyan Carol W, Schulman Michael D, Bowling J Michael
University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, 137 East Franklin St, Suite 500, CB #7505, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2008 Sep;98(9):1693-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.122853. Epub 2008 Jul 16.
We investigated child labor violations among US adolescents working in the retail and service industries.
We used interview data from a nationally representative sample of working adolescents, and investigated reports of select child labor violations (e.g., hours, equipment, and work permits). We computed weighted percentages of respondents reporting each type of discrete (and aggregated) violation.
Nearly 37% of respondents reported a violation of the hazardous occupations orders (i.e., prohibited jobs or use of equipment), and 40% reported a work permit violation. Fewer than 2% reported working more than the maximum weekly hours allowed during the school year, but 11% reported working past the latest hour allowed on a school night, and 15% reported working off the clock.
Significant numbers of US adolescents are employed in violation of the child labor laws and as a result are exposed to safety risks. Although our data did not allow for an analysis of enforcement, our findings demonstrate gaps in employer compliance with the law. We suggest that closer attention to enforcement policy and practice is needed.
我们调查了在美国零售和服务业工作的青少年中存在的童工违规情况。
我们使用了来自全国有代表性的在职青少年样本的访谈数据，并调查了特定童工违规行为的报告（例如，工作时间、设备和工作许可）。我们计算了报告每种类型离散（和汇总）违规行为的受访者的加权百分比。
近37%的受访者报告违反了危险职业规定（即禁止的工作或设备使用），40%的受访者报告违反了工作许可规定。不到2%的受访者报告在学年期间工作时间超过允许的每周最长工时，但11%的受访者报告在上学日晚上工作到最晚允许时间之后，15%的受访者报告存在下班后继续工作的情况。
大量美国青少年受雇时违反了童工法，因此面临安全风险。尽管我们的数据不允许对执法情况进行分析，但我们的研究结果表明雇主在遵守法律方面存在差距。我们建议需要更加密切地关注执法政策和实践。
