Smreczak M, Trebas P, Orłowska A, mudziński J F
National Veterinary Research Institute, Virology Department, Pulawy, Poland.
Dev Biol (Basel). 2008;131:249-56.
Data on the surveillance of rabies in Poland from 1992 to 2006 is presented. Between 1992 and 2006, 22,575 rabies cases were diagnosed. There were 3,963 (17.5%) cases recorded in domestic animals, 18,555 (82.2%) in wildlife and 57 (0.3%) in bats. The peak of the epizootic in wildlife was recorded in 1992 with 3,084 cases. There were 2,547 cases recorded in wildlife with 2,079 (81.6%) found in the red fox. In 1993, the decision was made to apply oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of the red fox as a method of rabies control. The programme was started in western part of Poland, which borders Germany, and extended eastward in the following years. ORV was undertaken twice peryear (spring and autumn). In 2002, the vaccine campaign covered the whole territory of Poland. After 13 years of ORV, rabies incidence decreased sharply, from 3,084 cases in 1992 to 82 in 2006 (a 97% decrease in the number of rabies cases). The epidemiological situation in 2006 points to the constant decrease of rabies cases as a result of ORV. The red fox remains the main reservoir of rabies. The progress made over the past decade demonstrates that Poland is meeting the requirements to eliminate rabies in terrestrial animals.
本文介绍了1992年至2006年波兰狂犬病监测数据。1992年至2006年期间，共诊断出22575例狂犬病病例。其中，家畜病例3963例（占17.5%），野生动物病例18555例（占82.2%），蝙蝠病例57例（占0.3%）。1992年野生动物狂犬病流行达到高峰，病例数为3084例。野生动物病例中，2547例在赤狐中发现，占2079例（占81.6%）。1993年，决定采用对赤狐进行口服狂犬病疫苗接种（ORV）作为控制狂犬病的方法。该计划始于与德国接壤的波兰西部，并在随后几年向东扩展。ORV每年进行两次（春季和秋季）。2002年，疫苗接种活动覆盖了波兰全境。经过13年的ORV，狂犬病发病率急剧下降，从1992年的3084例降至2006年的82例（狂犬病病例数减少了97%）。2006年的流行病学情况表明，由于ORV，狂犬病病例持续减少。赤狐仍然是狂犬病的主要宿主。过去十年取得的进展表明，波兰正在满足消除陆地动物狂犬病的要求。
