Matouch O
State Veterinary Institute, Praha, Czech Republic.
Dev Biol (Basel). 2008;131:27-35.
An overview of the rabies situation in the 19 countries of Central and Eastern Europe covering more than 2.5 million km2 is presented. In 2005, 6,500 cases of rabies were registered in this region with 31% in domestic animals and 69% in wild animals. Rabies was found in a limited number of dogs in 10 countries, and sporadically in three countries with seven cases in bats. A similar situation existed in 2006. Rabies is very rare in humans: 2 cases were reported in Belarus in 2006. Around 40,000 people are treated yearly due to rabies exposure. The main vector and reservoir is the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), with a 50% incidence in positive findings. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is another significant vector, mainly in the Baltics. Oral vaccination is used in varying degrees in 10 countries, with promising results. Two countries are currently rabies free, and several others are close to being rabies-free. An unfavourable situation remains mainly in the Baltics and nearby eastern countries, and also in some Balkan regions. All countries studied have national reference laboratories, appropriate legislation, and rabies as a notifiable disease.
本文概述了中欧和东欧19个国家的狂犬病疫情，这些国家面积超过250万平方公里。2005年，该地区登记了6500例狂犬病病例，其中31%发生在家畜身上，69%发生在野生动物身上。在10个国家的少数犬类中发现了狂犬病，在3个国家的蝙蝠中偶尔发现狂犬病，有7例。2006年情况类似。人类狂犬病非常罕见：2006年白俄罗斯报告了2例。每年约有4万人因接触狂犬病而接受治疗。主要的病媒和宿主是赤狐（Vulpes vulpes），阳性检测结果中的发病率为50%。貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）是另一个重要病媒，主要在波罗的海地区。10个国家不同程度地使用了口服疫苗，效果良好。目前有两个国家没有狂犬病，其他几个国家也接近无狂犬病状态。不利情况主要仍存在于波罗的海地区和附近的东欧国家，以及一些巴尔干地区。所有研究的国家都有国家参考实验室、适当的立法，且狂犬病为应报告疾病。
