Cafferty Patrick, Auld Vanessa J
University of British Columbia, Zoology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Neuron Glia Biol. 2007 Feb;3(1):45-54. doi: 10.1017/S1740925X07000634.
Glial cells play a wide range of essential roles in both nervous system development and function and has been reviewed recently (Parker and Auld, 2006). Glia provide an insulating sheath, either form or direct the formation of the blood-brain barrier, contribute to ion and metabolite homeostasis and provide guidance cues. Glial function often depends on the ability of glial cells to migrate toward specific locations during nervous system development. Work in nervous system development in insects, in particular in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, has provided significant insight into the roles of glia, although the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell migration are being determined only now. Indeed, many of the processes and mechanisms discovered in these simpler systems have direct parallels in the development of vertebrate nervous systems. In this review, we first examine the developmental contexts in which invertebrate glial cell migration has been observed, we next discuss the characterized molecules required for proper glial cell migration, and we finally discuss future goals to be addressed in the study of glial cell development.
神经胶质细胞在神经系统发育和功能中发挥着广泛的重要作用，最近已有相关综述（帕克和奥尔德，2006年）。神经胶质细胞提供绝缘鞘，形成或引导血脑屏障的形成，有助于离子和代谢物的稳态，并提供引导线索。神经胶质细胞的功能通常取决于神经胶质细胞在神经系统发育过程中向特定位置迁移的能力。对昆虫神经系统发育的研究，特别是对果蝇黑腹果蝇和烟草天蛾烟草天蛾的研究，为神经胶质细胞的作用提供了重要的见解，尽管神经胶质细胞迁移的分子机制目前才刚刚确定。事实上，在这些较简单系统中发现的许多过程和机制在脊椎动物神经系统的发育中有着直接的对应关系。在这篇综述中，我们首先研究观察到无脊椎动物神经胶质细胞迁移的发育背景，接着讨论神经胶质细胞正常迁移所需的已鉴定分子，最后讨论神经胶质细胞发育研究中有待解决的未来目标。
