Yurochko A D
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:205-20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_12.
An upregulation of cellular signaling pathways is observed in multiple cell types upon human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, suggesting that a global feature of HCMV infection is the activation of the host cell. HCMV initiates and maintains cellular signaling through a multitiered process that is dependent on a series of events: (1) the viral glycoprotein ligand interacts with its cognate receptor, (2) cellular enzymes and viral tegument proteins present in the incoming virion are released and (3) a variety of viral gene products are expressed. Viral-mediated cellular modification has differential outcomes depending on the cell type infected. In permissive cell types, such as diploid fibroblasts, the upregulation of cellular signaling pathways following infection can initiate the viral gene cascade and promote the efficient transcription of multiple viral gene classes. In other cell types, such as endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages, the upregulation of cellular pathways initiates functional host changes that allow viral spread to multiple organ systems. Together, the modification of signaling processes appears to be part of a thematic strategy deployed by the virus to direct the required functional changes in target cells that ultimately promote viral survival and persistence in the host.
在人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染后，多种细胞类型中均观察到细胞信号通路的上调，这表明HCMV感染的一个整体特征是宿主细胞的激活。HCMV通过一个多层次的过程启动并维持细胞信号传导，该过程依赖于一系列事件：（1）病毒糖蛋白配体与其同源受体相互作用；（2）进入的病毒颗粒中存在的细胞酶和病毒包膜蛋白被释放；（3）多种病毒基因产物得以表达。病毒介导的细胞修饰根据感染的细胞类型而产生不同的结果。在允许性细胞类型中，如二倍体成纤维细胞，感染后细胞信号通路的上调可启动病毒基因级联反应，并促进多种病毒基因类别的有效转录。在其他细胞类型中，如内皮细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞，细胞通路的上调引发宿主功能变化，从而使病毒能够传播到多个器官系统。总之，信号传导过程的修饰似乎是病毒所采用的一种主题策略的一部分，该策略旨在指导靶细胞发生所需的功能变化，最终促进病毒在宿主体内的存活和持续存在。
