Paraskeva M P, van Vuuren S F, van Zyl R L, Davids H, Viljoen A M
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Oct 28;119(3):673-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.029. Epub 2008 Jul 2.
Ten South African Commiphora (Burseraceae) species were investigated to validate their use in traditional healing rites. The leaf and stem extracts of each species were analysed for the anti-oxidant (ABTS and DPPH assays), antimicrobial (MIC and death kinetic assays), anti-inflammatory (5-LOX assay), anticancer (SRB assay) properties, as well as the cytotoxic effects (tetrazolium-based assay). The best anti-oxidant activity (ABTS assay) was observed for the stem extracts of Commiphora tenuipetiolata IC(50)=5.10 microg/ml), Commiphora neglecta (IC(50)=7.28 microg/ml) and Commiphora mollis (IC(50)=8.82 microg/ml). Extracts generally exhibited poor anti-oxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with the exception of Commiphora schimperi (stem), Commiphora neglecta (stem), Commiphora tenuipetiolata (stem and leaf), and Commiphora edulis (stem), with IC(50) values ranging between 7.31 and 10.81 microg/ml. The stem extracts exhibited moderate to good 5-LOX inhibitory activity with Commiphora pyracanthoides (stem) displaying the greatest inhibitory effect (IC(50)=27.86+/-4.45 microg/ml). For the antimicrobial (MIC) assay, a greater selectivity was exhibited by the extracts against the Gram-positive bacteria (0.01-8.00 mg/ml) and the yeasts (0.25-8.00 mg/ml) than against the Gram-negative bacteria (1.00-8.00 mg/ml). Using death kinetic studies (time-kill studies), the rate at which Commiphora marlothii (stem) kills Staphylococcus aureus over a 24h period was determined. Mostly, a concentration-dependent antibacterial activity was observed beginning after ca. 30 min. All concentrations exhibited antibacterial activity, with complete bactericidal effect achieved by the 24(th) hour. The most active Commiphora species against the HT-29 cells (SRB anticancer assay) were Commiphora glandulosa (leaf and stem) and Commiphora marlothii (leaf). The MCF-7 cells (SRB anticancer assay) exhibited the highest sensitivity to indigenous Commiphora species, with Commiphora edulis (leaf and stem), Commiphora glandulosa (leaf and stem), Commiphora marlothii (leaf), Commiphora pyracanthoides (leaf and stem), Commiphora schimperi (stem), and Commiphora viminea (stem) all possessing a percentage inhibition greater than 80% at 100 microg/ml. Commiphora glandulosa (leaf and stem) and Commiphora pyracanthoides (leaf and stem) were the two most active species against the SF-268 cells (SRB anticancer assay), with IC(50) values ranging between 68.55+/-2.01 and 71.45+/-1.24 microg/ml. The majority of the Commiphora extracts were largely non-cytotoxic against Graham human kidney epithelial cells when investigated in the MTT assay.
对10种南非没药属（橄榄科）植物进行了研究，以验证其在传统治疗仪式中的应用。分析了每种植物的叶和茎提取物的抗氧化性能（ABTS和DPPH测定法）、抗菌性能（MIC和死亡动力学测定法）、抗炎性能（5-脂氧合酶测定法）、抗癌性能（SRB测定法）以及细胞毒性作用（基于四氮唑的测定法）。在ABTS测定法中，细柄没药（IC(50)=5.10微克/毫升）、疏花没药（IC(50)=7.28微克/毫升）和软叶没药（IC(50)=8.82微克/毫升）的茎提取物表现出最佳的抗氧化活性。在DPPH测定法中，提取物通常表现出较差的抗氧化活性，但施氏没药（茎）、疏花没药（茎）、细柄没药（茎和叶）和可食没药（茎）除外，其IC(50)值在7.31至10.81微克/毫升之间。茎提取物表现出中度至良好的5-脂氧合酶抑制活性，其中刺叶没药（茎）表现出最大的抑制作用（IC(50)=27.86±4.45微克/毫升）。在抗菌（MIC）测定中，提取物对革兰氏阳性菌（0.01 - 8.00毫克/毫升）和酵母（0.25 - 8.00毫克/毫升）的选择性高于对革兰氏阴性菌（1.00 - 8.00毫克/毫升）。通过死亡动力学研究（时间-杀菌研究），确定了马洛蒂没药（茎）在24小时内杀死金黄色葡萄球菌的速率。大多数情况下，约30分钟后观察到浓度依赖性抗菌活性。所有浓度均表现出抗菌活性，到第24小时达到完全杀菌效果。对HT-29细胞（SRB抗癌测定）最具活性的没药属植物是腺花没药（叶和茎）和马洛蒂没药（叶）。MCF-7细胞（SRB抗癌测定）对本土没药属植物表现出最高的敏感性，可食没药（叶和茎）、腺花没药（叶和茎）、马洛蒂没药（叶）、刺叶没药（叶和茎）、施氏没药（茎）和维氏没药（茎）在100微克/毫升时的抑制率均大于80%。腺花没药（叶和茎）和刺叶没药（叶和茎）是对SF-268细胞（SRB抗癌测定）最具活性的两个物种，其IC(50)值在68.55±2.01至71.45±1.24微克/毫升之间。在MTT测定中研究时，大多数没药属提取物对格雷厄姆人肾上皮细胞基本无细胞毒性。
