Zavala Trujillo I, Quiroz C, Gutierrez M A, Arias J, Renteria M
Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Angel Leano Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991 Apr;10(4):334-41. doi: 10.1007/BF01967008.
Typhoid fever remains an important public health problem throughout the world with a higher morbidity and mortality rate in the developing countries. Early establishment of the diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment with chloramphenicol, ampicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not necessarily followed by complete resolution of the infection. Between 1% and 6% of patients with typhoid fever become chronic biliary carriers of Salmonella typhi. These carriers are potential factors in the continued transmission of the disease. The increasing emergence worldwide of strains showing multiple resistance to the agents traditionally used in therapy has encouraged investigators to seek alternatives such as third generation cephalosporins and recently the new 4-quinolones, which have greater activity against Salmonella typhi including multi-resistant strains. The fluoroquinolones seem to be the treatment of choice in those regions where resistant strains of Salmonella typhi are prevalent.
伤寒热在全球范围内仍是一个重要的公共卫生问题，在发展中国家发病率和死亡率更高。早期确诊并迅速开始用氯霉素、氨苄青霉素或甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑进行治疗，感染不一定能完全消除。1%至6%的伤寒热患者会成为伤寒沙门氏菌的慢性胆囊携带者。这些携带者是疾病持续传播的潜在因素。全球范围内，对传统治疗药物呈现多重耐药性的菌株不断出现，促使研究人员寻找替代药物，如第三代头孢菌素，以及最近出现的新型4-喹诺酮类药物，它们对伤寒沙门氏菌包括多重耐药菌株具有更强的活性。在伤寒沙门氏菌耐药菌株流行的地区，氟喹诺酮类药物似乎是首选治疗药物。
