Lahey Benjamin B, Van Hulle Carol A, Rathouz Paul J, Rodgers Joseph Lee, D'Onofrio Brian M, Waldman Irwin D
Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Jan;37(1):45-58. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9257-1.
Inattentive-hyperactive and oppositional behavior have been hypothesized to be developmental precursors to conduct problems. We tested these hypotheses using a longitudinal sample of 6,466 offspring of women selected from nationally representative US households. Conduct problems across 8-13 years were robustly predicted by conduct problems at 4-7 years, but also were independently predicted to a small extent by both inattentive-hyperactive and oppositional behaviors at 4-7 years. Longitudinal multivariate behavior genetic analyses revealed that the genetic and environmental factors that influence conduct problems at both 4-7 and 8-13 years also influence the putative precursors at 4-7 years. After genetic and environmental influences on conduct problems at 4-7 years were taken into account, however, inattentive-hyperactive and oppositional behavior at 4-7 years shared causal influences with conduct problems 8-13 years to a negligible extent. These findings suggest that after early conduct problems are controlled, little is gained in terms of prediction or understanding genetic and environmental influences on later child conduct problems by treating early inattentive-hyperactive and oppositional behavior as developmental precursors to later conduct problems.
注意力不集中-多动和对立行为被假定为品行问题的发展先兆。我们使用从具有全国代表性的美国家庭中选取的6466名女性的后代作为纵向样本对这些假设进行了检验。4至7岁时的品行问题能有力地预测8至13岁时的品行问题，但4至7岁时的注意力不集中-多动和对立行为也能在一定程度上独立预测8至13岁时的品行问题。纵向多变量行为遗传学分析表明，在4至7岁和8至13岁时影响品行问题的遗传和环境因素也会影响4至7岁时的假定先兆。然而，在考虑了4至7岁时遗传和环境对品行问题的影响后，4至7岁时的注意力不集中-多动和对立行为与8至13岁时的品行问题之间的因果影响微乎其微。这些发现表明，在早期品行问题得到控制后，将早期注意力不集中-多动和对立行为视为后期品行问题的发展先兆，在预测或理解遗传和环境对后期儿童品行问题的影响方面收效甚微。
