Arnett Anne B, Pennington Bruce F, Young Jami F, Hankin Benjamin L
Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;57(4):502-9. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12466. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The onset of hyperactivity/impulsivity and attention problems (HAP) is typically younger than that of conduct problems (CP), and some research supports a directional relation wherein HAP precedes CP. Studies have tested this theory using between-person and between-group comparisons, with conflicting results. In contrast, prior research has not examined the effects of within-person fluctuations in HAP on CP.
This study tested the hypothesis that within-person variation in HAP would positively predict subsequent within-person variation in CP, in two population samples of youth (N = 620) who participated in identical methods of assessment over the course of 30 months. Three-level, hierarchical models were used to test for within-person, longitudinal associations between HAP and CP, as well as moderating effects of between-person and between-family demographics.
We found a small but significant association in the expected direction for older youth, but the opposite effect in younger and non-Caucasian youth. These results were replicated across both samples.
The process by which early HAP relates to later CP may vary by age and racial identity.
多动/冲动及注意力问题（HAP）的起病通常比品行问题（CP）更早，一些研究支持HAP先于CP出现的方向性关联。已有研究使用个体间及组间比较对该理论进行了检验，但结果相互矛盾。相比之下，既往研究尚未考察HAP的个体内波动对CP的影响。
本研究在两组青少年样本（N = 620）中检验了HAP的个体内变异会正向预测CP随后的个体内变异这一假设，这些青少年在30个月的时间里参与了相同的评估方法。使用三级分层模型来检验HAP与CP之间的个体内纵向关联，以及个体间和家庭间人口统计学特征的调节作用。
我们在年龄较大的青少年中发现了预期方向上的小但显著的关联，但在年龄较小的青少年和非白人青少年中发现了相反的效应。这些结果在两个样本中均得到了重复。
早期HAP与后期CP相关的过程可能因年龄和种族身份而异。
