Abdel-Hamid Mona, Brüne Martin
Department of Psychiatry, University of Bochum, LWL University-Hospital, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2008 Jun;10(3):229-34. doi: 10.1007/s11920-008-0038-x.
Delusional disorders (DDs) are clinically rare syndromes characterized by false beliefs that are held with firm conviction despite counterevidence. The neuropsychology of DDs is poorly understood. Two partially opposing models--a cognitive bias model and a cognitive deficit model--have received mixed empiric support, partly because most research has been carried out in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, with which the nosologic association of DDs is unknown. Based on these models, we review empiric findings concerning the neuropsychology of DDs (narrowly defined). We conclude that DDs can best be seen as extreme variations of cognitive mechanisms involved in rapid threat detection and defensive harm avoidance. From this viewpoint, the two models seem to be complementary in explanatory power rather than contradictory. Future research may help to clarify the question of gene-environment interaction involvement in the formation of delusional beliefs.
妄想性障碍（DDs）是临床上罕见的综合征，其特征是存在一些尽管有反证但仍坚信不疑的错误信念。人们对DDs的神经心理学了解甚少。两种部分对立的模型——认知偏差模型和认知缺陷模型——得到了不同的实证支持，部分原因是大多数研究是在偏执型精神分裂症患者中进行的，而DDs与偏执型精神分裂症的疾病关联尚不清楚。基于这些模型，我们回顾了关于DDs（狭义定义）神经心理学的实证研究结果。我们得出结论，DDs最好被视为参与快速威胁检测和防御性伤害避免的认知机制的极端变体。从这个角度来看，这两种模型在解释力上似乎是互补的，而非相互矛盾的。未来的研究可能有助于阐明基因 - 环境相互作用在妄想信念形成中的作用问题。
