Polder A, Thomsen C, Lindström G, Løken K B, Skaare J U
The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2008 Aug;73(1):14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jul 23.
Human breast milk samples from primipara women from Northern (Tromsø) (N=10) and Southern Norway (Oslo) (N=19) collected in 2000-2001 were analysed with respect to hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), chlordanes (CHLs), DDTs, mirex, toxaphenes (CHBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). CHBs, PBDEs and HBCD were only analysed in the Tromsø samples. Sum-PCBs and sum-DDTs were the major organochlorines (OCs) (170 and 110 ng g(-1) lipid weight (lw), respectively). Other OCs were found in levels of approximately 10- to 300-fold lower than sum-PCBs. Overall, the concentrations of OCs followed the decreasing order of PCBs>DDTs>HCB>HCHs approximately CHLs>CHBs>mirex. Concentrations of sum-HCHs were significantly higher in breast milk from Oslo compared to Tromsø (p<0.05). The PCB profile was dominated by PCB-153, -138 and -180. The PBDE pattern was dominated by PBDE-47 and PBDE-153. The median level of sum-PBDEs was 4.1 ng g(-1) lw. PBDE-209 was detected in all analysed samples (median 0.13 ng g(-1) lw). The estimated daily intake (EDI) for the median (range) of sum mono-ortho (mo) PCBs(8) was 3.7 (1-9) pg TEQ kg(-1) body weight per day for breast fed infants in Norway. This exceeded the TDI by a factor of 1.8 (1-4) based only on intake of mono-ortho PCBs. The present study shows that concentrations of OCs in primipara breast milk have decreased 50-60% since 1991, and that this trend is continuing.
对2000 - 2001年采集的挪威北部（特罗姆瑟）初产妇（N = 10）和南部（奥斯陆）初产妇（N = 19）的母乳样本进行了六氯苯（HCB）、六氯环己烷（HCHs）、氯丹（CHLs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、灭蚁灵、毒杀芬（CHBs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCD）的分析。CHBs、PBDEs和HBCD仅在特罗姆瑟的样本中进行了分析。总多氯联苯和总滴滴涕是主要的有机氯化合物（OCs）（分别为170和110 ng g⁻¹脂质重量（lw））。其他有机氯化合物的含量比总多氯联苯低约10至300倍。总体而言，有机氯化合物的浓度遵循多氯联苯>滴滴涕>HCB>HCHs≈氯丹>毒杀芬>灭蚁灵的降序排列。奥斯陆母乳中总六氯环己烷的浓度显著高于特罗姆瑟（p<0.05）。多氯联苯谱以多氯联苯-153、-138和-180为主。多溴二苯醚模式以多溴二苯醚-47和多溴二苯醚-153为主。总多溴二苯醚的中位数水平为4.1 ng g⁻¹ lw。在所有分析样本中均检测到了多溴二苯醚-209（中位数为0.13 ng g⁻¹ lw）。挪威母乳喂养婴儿的总单邻位（mo）多氯联苯（8）中位数（范围）的估计每日摄入量（EDI）为3.7（1 - 9）pg TEQ kg⁻¹体重/天。仅基于单邻位多氯联苯的摄入量，这一数值超过了每日耐受摄入量（TDI）1.8倍（1 - 4）。本研究表明，自1991年以来，初产妇母乳中有机氯化合物的浓度已下降了50 - 60%，且这一趋势仍在持续。
