印度农村人口对糖尿病及糖尿病视网膜病变的认知，以及糖尿病视网膜病变认知对态度和行为的影响。

Knowledge of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among rural populations in India, and the influence of knowledge of diabetic retinopathy on attitude and practice.

作者信息

Rani Padmaja K, Raman Rajiv, Subramani Sarvanan, Perumal Gnanamoorthy, Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy, Sharma Tarun

机构信息

Sankara Nethralaya, Ningambakam, Chennai, India.

出版信息

Rural Remote Health. 2008 Jul-Sep;8(3):838. Epub 2008 Jul 24.

PMID:18656993

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type II, is a major public health concern worldwide. While the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy cannot be prevented, with the provision of knowledge to sufferers, sight-threatening complications can be minimized.

PURPOSE

To report the results of a KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) study among a rural population in two areas: diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The level of knowledge was evaluated for both DM and DR; however, the influence of knowledge on practices and attitude was evaluated in only the DR group.

METHODS

In rural areas, 145 awareness meetings on DM and DR were conducted attended 28 347 individuals. Using systematic random sampling, the data were collected from every 14th individual. In total, 1938 individuals from a rural population were numbered for gaining their responses to the KAP questionnaire. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors related to the knowledge of the disease and influence of this knowledge on attitude and practice.

RESULTS

Of 1938 individuals, 966 (49.9%) had knowledge of DM and 718 (37.1%) had knowledge of DR. Knowledge about DM was more in women (OR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.55-2.39), in subjects who followed the Christian faith (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.07-2.04) and in those who belonged to the upper socioeconomic strata (OR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.84-3.67). The knowledge of DR was significantly higher among subjects who spoke the Malayalam language (OR=3.80; 95% CI: 2.03-7.13), who followed the Christian faith (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.27-2.35), and in those who belonged to the upper socioeconomic strata (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.32-2.58). Compared with those who had no knowledge of DR (n = 1220), significant percentages of individuals with knowledge (n = 718) had the right attitude - to go for regular eye examinations - (65.9% vs 93.3%) (p<0.0001) ). Regarding practice patterns, only 36.5% of individuals with knowledge about DR believed that if they controlled their blood sugar, they could avoid a visit to an ophthalmologist, compared with 55.5% with no knowledge (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that we need to propagate aggressive and comprehensive awareness models to educate rural populations on DM and DR.

摘要

引言

糖尿病，尤其是2型糖尿病，是全球主要的公共卫生问题。虽然糖尿病视网膜病变的发生无法预防，但通过向患者提供相关知识，可以将威胁视力的并发症降至最低。

目的

报告在两个地区的农村人口中进行的一项关于糖尿病（DM）和糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的知识、态度和行为（KAP）研究的结果。对糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变的知识水平进行了评估；然而，仅在糖尿病视网膜病变组中评估了知识对行为和态度的影响。

方法

在农村地区，举办了145场关于糖尿病和糖尿病视网膜病变的宣传会议，共有28347人参加。采用系统随机抽样，每隔14个人收集一次数据。总共对1938名农村人口进行编号，以获取他们对KAP问卷的回答。进行单因素和多因素回归分析，以确定与疾病知识相关的独立危险因素，以及该知识对态度和行为的影响。

结果

在1938名个体中，966人（49.9%）了解糖尿病，718人（37.1%）了解糖尿病视网膜病变。女性（OR = 1.93；95%CI：1.55 - 2.39）、信奉基督教的受试者（OR = 1.48；95%CI：1.07 - 2.04）以及社会经济地位较高阶层的人（OR = 2.60；95%CI：1.84 - 3.67）对糖尿病的了解更多。说马拉雅拉姆语的受试者（OR = 3.80；95%CI：2.03 - 7.13）、信奉基督教的受试者（OR = 1.73；95%CI：1.27 - 2.35）以及社会经济地位较高阶层的人（OR = 1.85；95%CI：1.32 - 2.58）对糖尿病视网膜病变的了解明显更高。与不了解糖尿病视网膜病变的人（n = 1220）相比，了解该病的人（n = 718）中有相当比例的人持有正确的态度——定期进行眼部检查——（65.9%对93.3%）（p < 0.0001）。关于行为模式，了解糖尿病视网膜病变的人中只有36.5%的人认为如果他们控制好血糖，就可以不去看眼科医生，而不了解的人中有55.5%（p < 0.0001）。