Iriarte Alfredo, Gabarrell Xavier, Rieradevall Joan
SosteniPrA (UAB-IRTA), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2009 Feb;29(2):903-14. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jul 26.
This paper presents research concerning the environmental analysis of the selective collection management of municipal solid waste. The main goal of this study is to quantify and to compare, by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the potential environmental impacts of three selective collection systems modelled on densely populated urban areas. These systems are: the mobile pneumatic, the multi-container and the door-to-door. Impact assessment method based on CML 2 baseline 2000 is applied to the different systems. The study separates and analyzes the collection systems in substages: two urban substages and one inter-city substage. At the urban level, the multi-container system has the least environmental impact of all systems. The mobile pneumatic system has greater environmental impacts in terms of global warming, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication. In this system, the pipes and the pneumatic transport have the greatest impacts. The door-to-door system has a greatest environmental impact in terms of abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion and human toxicity. An overall evaluation of the three substages, with a sensitivity analysis, indicates that the mobile pneumatic system at an inter-city distance of 20 km shows the greatest environmental impacts and the greatest energy demand. Inter-city transport is key; the results show that from an inter-city distance of 11 km onwards, this becomes the substage which most contributes to global warming impact and energy demand, in all the systems.
本文介绍了关于城市固体废物选择性收集管理的环境分析研究。本研究的主要目标是通过生命周期评估（LCA）对三种针对人口密集城市地区建模的选择性收集系统的潜在环境影响进行量化和比较。这些系统分别是：移动式气力收集系统、多容器收集系统和上门收集系统。基于CML 2基线2000的影响评估方法应用于不同系统。该研究将收集系统细分为子阶段进行分析：两个城市子阶段和一个城市间子阶段。在城市层面，多容器收集系统在所有系统中对环境的影响最小。移动式气力收集系统在全球变暖、淡水水生生态毒性、陆地生态毒性、酸化和富营养化方面具有更大的环境影响。在该系统中，管道和气力输送的影响最大。上门收集系统在非生物资源耗竭、臭氧层损耗和人体毒性方面具有最大的环境影响。对三个子阶段进行的综合评估以及敏感性分析表明，城市间距离为20公里时的移动式气力收集系统显示出最大的环境影响和最大的能源需求。城市间运输是关键；结果表明，从城市间距离11公里起，在所有系统中，这一子阶段对全球变暖影响和能源需求的贡献最大。
