Cools Roshan
F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neuroscientist. 2008 Aug;14(4):381-95. doi: 10.1177/1073858408317009.
Brain dopamine has often been implicated in impulsive and/or inflexible behaviors, which may reflect failures of motivational and/or cognitive control. However, the precise role of dopamine in such failures of behavioral control is not well understood, not least because they implicate paradoxical changes in distinct dopamine systems that innervate dissociable neural circuits. In addition, there are large individual differences in the response to dopaminergic drugs with some individuals benefiting from and others being impaired by the same drug. This complicates progress in the understanding of dopamine's role in behavioral control processes, but also provides a major problem for neuropsychiatry, where some individuals are disproportionately vulnerable to the adverse effects of dopamine-enhancing drugs on motivation and cognition. Recent progress is reviewed from cognitive and behavioral neuroscience research on motivation and cognitive control, which begins to elucidate the factors that mediate the complex roles of mesolimbic, mesocortical, and nigrostriatal dopamine in behavioral control.
脑多巴胺常与冲动和/或刻板行为有关，这些行为可能反映了动机和/或认知控制的失败。然而，多巴胺在这种行为控制失败中的确切作用尚未得到充分理解，尤其是因为它们涉及支配可分离神经回路的不同多巴胺系统中的矛盾变化。此外，个体对多巴胺能药物的反应存在很大差异，同一药物对一些个体有益，而对另一些个体则有损害。这使得理解多巴胺在行为控制过程中的作用变得复杂，但也给神经精神病学带来了一个重大问题，即一些个体特别容易受到多巴胺增强药物对动机和认知的不利影响。本文回顾了认知和行为神经科学关于动机和认知控制的研究进展，这些研究开始阐明介导中脑边缘、中脑皮质和黑质纹状体多巴胺在行为控制中复杂作用的因素。
