França Junior Ivan, Calazans Gabriela, Zucchi Eliana Miura
Departamento de Saúde Materno-Infantil, Faculdade de Saúde Públic, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2008 Jun;42 Suppl 1:84-97. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102008000800011.
To analyze changes in HIV testing, reasons reported by those who were tested or not and received counseling.
Cross-sectional studies conducted in both men and women aged 16 to 65 years based on representative samples of urban Brazil in 1998 (n=3,600) and 2005 (n=5,040). Sociodemographic, sexual, reproductive characteristics, life experiences and health data were collected and analyzed. Potential differences in the distribution of variables was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square and design-based F test (+/- <5%).
In 1998 and 2005, 20.2% and 33.6% of interviewees had been tested, respectively. A total of 60% women aged 25-34 years were tested, but those who reported sexual initiation before the age of 16 and four or more sexual partners in the fi ve years prior to the interview were less tested. There was no significant increase in testing among men, except among those aged 55-65 years, per capita income between 1-3 and 5-10 monthly minimum wages, retired, historical Protestant and followers of African-Brazilian religions, living in the North/Northeast region and who reported homosexual/bisexual partners or no sexual relationship in the five years prior to the interview. Testing rates did not increase in those who self-reported as high risk for HIV. Among women, prenatal testing rate increased while work-related testing decreased among men. In 2005, half of those who were tested did not receive any advice before or after testing.
HIV testing scaling up was unequal and was mostly seen among women at childbearing age, adults and those better off. There seems to be an increase in testing rates in Brazil but without regard for people's right to free choice and without offering more widely and better quality counseling.
分析艾滋病病毒检测情况的变化、接受检测者及未接受检测但接受咨询者报告的原因。
基于1998年（n = 3600）和2005年（n = 5040）巴西城市的代表性样本，对16至65岁的男性和女性进行横断面研究。收集并分析社会人口统计学、性、生殖特征、生活经历和健康数据。使用Pearson卡方检验和基于设计的F检验分析变量分布的潜在差异（±<5%）。
1998年和2005年，分别有20.2%和33.6%的受访者接受过检测。共有60%的25至34岁女性接受过检测，但那些报告在16岁之前开始性行为且在访谈前五年内有四个或更多性伴侣的女性接受检测的比例较低。男性中检测率没有显著增加，除非是55至65岁、人均收入为每月1至3倍和5至10倍最低工资、退休、历史上是新教徒以及非洲裔巴西宗教信徒、居住在北部/东北部地区且报告在访谈前五年内有同性恋/双性恋伴侣或没有性关系的男性。自我报告为艾滋病病毒高风险人群的检测率没有增加。在女性中，产前检测率上升，而男性中与工作相关的检测率下降。2005年，接受检测的人中一半在检测前后没有得到任何建议。
艾滋病病毒检测的扩大不均衡，主要见于育龄妇女、成年人和较富裕人群。巴西的检测率似乎有所上升，但没有考虑到人们的自由选择权，也没有更广泛地提供更高质量的咨询。
