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Annual summary of vital statistics: 2006.《2006年生命统计年度总结》
Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121(4):788-801. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3753.
2
Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects--Atlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005.1978 - 2005年佐治亚州亚特兰大主要出生缺陷总体患病率的最新情况
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Jan 11;57(1):1-5.
3
Seeking causes: Classifying and evaluating congenital heart defects in etiologic studies.寻找病因：病因学研究中先天性心脏病的分类与评估
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2007 Oct;79(10):714-27. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20403.
4
Prepregnancy obesity as a risk factor for structural birth defects.孕前肥胖作为结构性出生缺陷的一个风险因素。
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Aug;161(8):745-50. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.745.
5
Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.第五届妊娠期糖尿病国际研讨会-会议总结与建议
Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S251-60. doi: 10.2337/dc07-s225.
6
Gestational diabetes after delivery. Short-term management and long-term risks.产后妊娠糖尿病。短期管理与长期风险。
Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S225-35. doi: 10.2337/dc07-s221.
7
Fetal and neonatal outcomes of diabetic pregnancies.糖尿病妊娠的胎儿及新生儿结局
Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep;108(3 Pt 1):644-50. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000231688.08263.47.
8
Maternal diabetes and congenital anomalies in South Australia 1986-2000: a population-based cohort study.1986 - 2000年南澳大利亚州的孕产妇糖尿病与先天性异常：一项基于人群的队列研究。
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2005 Sep;73(9):605-11. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20172.
9
Pre-gestational maternal body mass index predicts an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes.孕前母体体重指数可预测妊娠期糖尿病母亲所生婴儿先天性畸形风险增加。
Diabet Med. 2005 Jun;22(6):775-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01492.x.
10
Risk of specific congenital abnormalities in offspring of women with diabetes.糖尿病女性后代患特定先天性异常的风险。
Diabet Med. 2005 Jun;22(6):693-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01477.x.

糖尿病与出生缺陷。

Diabetes mellitus and birth defects.

作者信息

Correa Adolfo, Gilboa Suzanne M, Besser Lilah M, Botto Lorenzo D, Moore Cynthia A, Hobbs Charlotte A, Cleves Mario A, Riehle-Colarusso Tiffany J, Waller D Kim, Reece E Albert

机构信息

Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

出版信息

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Sep;199(3):237.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.028. Epub 2008 Jul 31.

DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.028
PMID:18674752
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4916956/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between diabetes mellitus and 39 birth defects.

STUDY DESIGN

This was a multicenter case-control study of mothers of infants who were born with (n = 13,030) and without (n = 4895) birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2003).

RESULTS

Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated significantly with noncardiac defects (isolated, 7/23 defects; multiples, 13/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 11/16 defects; multiples, 8/16 defects). Adjusted odds ratios for PGDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 3.17 (95% CI, 2.20-4.99) and 8.62 (95% CI, 5.27-14.10), respectively. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with fewer noncardiac defects (isolated, 3/23 defects; multiples, 3/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 3/16 defects; multiples, 2/16 defects). Odds ratios between GDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.13-2.00), respectively. These associations were limited generally to offspring of women with prepregnancy body mass index > or =25 kg/m(2).

CONCLUSION

PGDM was associated with a wide range of birth defects; GDM was associated with a limited group of birth defects.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在探讨糖尿病与39种出生缺陷之间的关联。

研究设计

这是一项多中心病例对照研究，研究对象为国家出生缺陷预防研究（1997 - 2003年）中生育有（n = 13,030）和无（n = 4895）出生缺陷婴儿的母亲。

结果

孕前糖尿病（PGDM）与非心脏缺陷（单发，23种缺陷中的7种；多发，23种缺陷中的13种）和心脏缺陷（单发，16种缺陷中的11种；多发，16种缺陷中的8种）显著相关。PGDM与所有单发和多发缺陷的校正比值比分别为3.17（95%可信区间，2.20 - 4.99）和8.62（95%可信区间，5.27 - 14.10）。妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与较少的非心脏缺陷（单发，23种缺陷中的3种；多发，23种缺陷中的3种）和心脏缺陷（单发，16种缺陷中的3种；多发，16种缺陷中的2种）相关。GDM与所有单发和多发缺陷的比值比分别为1.42（95%可信区间，1.17 - 1.73）和1.50（95%可信区间，1.13 - 2.00）。这些关联一般仅限于孕前体重指数≥25 kg/m²的女性的后代。

结论

PGDM与多种出生缺陷相关；GDM与一组有限的出生缺陷相关。