Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, 10098 Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, Germany.
Prev Med. 2008 Oct;47(4):354-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.07.006. Epub 2008 Jul 15.
This systematic review aims to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of physical activity interventions targeted at healthy adults and to identify effective intervention components.
The systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Psycinfo identified literature published in English and German between January 2001 and June 2007. We included randomised controlled trials investigating physical activity interventions for healthy adults with a minimum study duration of 12 months. Two researchers independently assessed publications according to pre-defined inclusion criteria and methodological quality was rated according to the SIGN criteria. Study characteristics and outcome measures were extracted, and pooled effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals calculated.
Of 5508 identified publications 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was substantial heterogeneity in study quality, intervention strategies and intervention effects. Compared to no-intervention and minimal-intervention control, gains in weekly energy expenditure and physical fitness of up to 975 kcal and 11% were achieved, respectively. Booster interventions were used in 16 studies.
There is evidence for long-term increases in physical activity behaviour and physical fitness. To improve uptake of physical activity additional tailored exercise prescription strategies seem promising. Booster interventions such as phone, mail or internet can help to facilitate long-term effectiveness.
本系统评价旨在评估针对健康成年人的身体活动干预的长期效果，并确定有效的干预组成部分。
系统检索 Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆和 Psycinfo，检索 2001 年 1 月至 2007 年 6 月间发表的英文和德文文献。我们纳入了针对健康成年人的身体活动干预的随机对照试验，研究持续时间至少为 12 个月。两位研究人员根据预先确定的纳入标准独立评估出版物，并根据 SIGN 标准对方法学质量进行评分。提取研究特征和结局指标，并计算合并效应估计值及其 95%置信区间。
在 5508 篇已确定的文献中，有 25 项研究符合纳入标准。研究质量、干预策略和干预效果存在很大的异质性。与无干预和最低干预对照组相比，每周能量消耗和身体适应性分别增加了高达 975 千卡和 11%。在 16 项研究中使用了助推干预。
有证据表明身体活动行为和身体适应性的长期增加。为了提高身体活动的参与度，额外的个性化运动处方策略似乎很有前景。助推干预，如电话、邮件或互联网，可以帮助促进长期效果。
