Skrzypczak M, Szwed A, Pawlińska-Chmara R, Skrzypulec V
Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Homo. 2008;59(4):329-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2008.06.003. Epub 2008 Aug 3.
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disorder that develops from genotype and environmental interactions. The aim of this study is to describe the variability of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height (W/Ht) in adult Polish women, and to determine relationships between these variables and factors such as education, place of residence, smoking and alcohol drinking. The tested group consisted of 10,254 women aged 25-95 years, who voluntarily filled in questionnaires and participated in anthropometric measurements (body height and mass, waist and hip circumferences). The BMI, WHR and W/Ht values were calculated based on these measurements. The participants were differentiated in terms of education, residence and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol drinking). Chi-squared test, product-moment correlations, ANOVA, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression with backward elimination were used to evaluate associations between social and lifestyle factors and BMI, WHR and W/Ht. The results confirm (1) the relationship between low social status and the risk of overweight and obesity as observed in developed countries; (2) higher susceptibility to environmental factors such as education, place of residence, smoking and alcohol drinking in younger (premenopausal) women; (3) the usefulness of simple and practical anthropometric indicators such as WHR and W/Ht for the identification of the higher risk of future metabolic diseases in obese people and those with a normal body mass.
肥胖是一种复杂的多因素疾病，由基因型和环境相互作用引起。本研究的目的是描述成年波兰女性体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）和腰高比（W/Ht）的变异性，并确定这些变量与教育、居住地点、吸烟和饮酒等因素之间的关系。测试组由10254名年龄在25至95岁之间的女性组成，她们自愿填写问卷并参与人体测量（身高、体重、腰围和臀围）。根据这些测量结果计算BMI、WHR和W/Ht值。参与者在教育程度、居住地点和生活方式（吸烟、饮酒）方面存在差异。使用卡方检验、积差相关、方差分析、多重对应分析（MCA）和向后消除的逻辑回归来评估社会和生活方式因素与BMI、WHR和W/Ht之间的关联。结果证实：（1）在发达国家观察到的低社会地位与超重和肥胖风险之间的关系；（2）年轻（绝经前）女性对教育、居住地点、吸烟和饮酒等环境因素的易感性更高；（3）WHR和W/Ht等简单实用的人体测量指标对于识别肥胖者和体重正常者未来患代谢疾病的较高风险是有用的。
