London Kamala, Bruck Maggie, Melnyk Laura
Department of Psychology/MS948, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Law Hum Behav. 2009 Aug;33(4):344-55. doi: 10.1007/s10979-008-9147-7. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
In two experiments, we examined whether post-event information (PEI) about true and false events persisted in children's reports after approximately 1 year. In Experiment 1, 4- to 6-year-olds were given PEI and then were given memory tests 2 weeks and 15 months later. Although PEI appeared in free recall at the initial testing, it decreased substantially by the long-term test. In contrast, on recognition tasks the children showed facilitation and misinformation effects at initial and follow-up tests. Experiment 2 replicated lasting misinformation and facilitation effects in recognition memory among 4- to 9-year-olds who were tested after 1-week and 10-month delays. We conclude that true and false reminders about an experienced event continue to affect children's memory approximately 1 year later.
在两项实验中，我们研究了关于真实和虚假事件的事后信息（PEI）在大约一年后是否会持续存在于儿童的报告中。在实验1中，4至6岁的儿童被给予事后信息，然后在2周和15个月后接受记忆测试。尽管事后信息在初次测试的自由回忆中出现，但在长期测试中大幅减少。相比之下，在识别任务中，儿童在初次和后续测试中均表现出促进和错误信息效应。实验2在1周和10个月延迟后接受测试的4至9岁儿童中重复了识别记忆中持续存在的错误信息和促进效应。我们得出结论，关于经历过的事件的真实和虚假提示在大约一年后仍会继续影响儿童的记忆。
