Rodes Charles E, Pellizzari Edo D, Dellarco Michael J, Erickson Mitchell D, Vallero Daniel A, Reissman Dori B, Lioy Paul J, Lippmann Morton, Burke Thomas A, Goldstein Bernard D
RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2008 Nov;18(6):541-50. doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.42. Epub 2008 Aug 6.
An expert panel was convened in October 2007 at the International Society for Exposure Analysis Annual Meeting in Durham, NC, entitled "The Path Forward in Disaster Preparedness Since WTC-Exposure Characterization and Mitigation: Substantial Unfinished Business!" The panel prospectively discussed the critical exposure issues being overlooked during disaster responses and highlighted the needs for an optimal blending of exposure characterizations and hazard controls within disaster settings. The cases were made that effective and timely exposure characterizations must be applied during responses to any disaster, whether terrorist, manmade, or natural in origin. The consistent application of exposure sciences across acute and chronic disaster timelines will assure that the most effective strategies are applied to collect the needed information to guide risk characterization and management approaches. Exposure sciences must be effectively applied across all phases of a disaster (defined as rescue, reentry, recovery, and rehabitation-the four Rs) to appropriately characterize risks and guide risk-mitigation approaches. Failure to adequately characterize and control hazardous exposures increases the likelihood of excess morbidity and mortality. Advancing the infrastructure and the technologies to collect the right exposure information before, during, and immediately after disasters would advance our ability to define risks and protect responders and the public better. The panel provided conclusions, recommendations, and next steps toward effective and timely integration of better exposure science into disaster preparedness, including the need for a subsequent workshop to facilitate this integration. All panel presentations and a summary were uploaded to the ISES(1) website (http://www.iseaweb.org/Disaster_Preparedness/index.php).
2007年10月，在北卡罗来纳州达勒姆举行的国际暴露分析学会年会上，召开了一个专家小组会议，会议主题为“自世贸中心暴露特征描述与缓解以来灾难准备工作的前进道路：大量未完成的工作！”该小组前瞻性地讨论了灾难应对期间被忽视的关键暴露问题，并强调了在灾难环境中优化暴露特征描述与危害控制相结合的必要性。会议指出，在应对任何灾难时，无论是恐怖袭击、人为事故还是自然灾害，都必须进行有效且及时的暴露特征描述。在急性和慢性灾难时间线上持续应用暴露科学，将确保采用最有效的策略来收集所需信息，以指导风险特征描述和管理方法。暴露科学必须在灾难的所有阶段（定义为救援、重新进入、恢复和康复——四个“R”）有效应用，以恰当地描述风险并指导风险缓解方法。未能充分描述和控制有害暴露会增加发病率和死亡率过高的可能性。改进基础设施和技术，以便在灾难发生前、期间和之后立即收集正确的暴露信息，将提高我们定义风险以及更好地保护应急人员和公众的能力。该小组提供了结论、建议以及将更好的暴露科学有效且及时地整合到灾难准备工作中的下一步措施，包括需要后续举办一次研讨会来促进这种整合。所有小组发言和一份总结已上传至国际暴露分析学会（ISES）网站（http://www.iseaweb.org/Disaster_Preparedness/index.php）。
