Stepanenko Olesya V, Verkhusha Vladislav V, Kuznetsova Irina M, Uversky Vladimir N, Turoverov K K
Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2008 Aug;9(4):338-69. doi: 10.2174/138920308785132668.
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish Aequorea victoria is the most extensively studied and widely used in cell biology protein. GFP-like proteins constitute a fast growing family as several naturally occurring GFP-like proteins have been discovered and enhanced mutants of Aequorea GFP have been created. These mutants differ from wild-type GFP by conformational stability, quantum yield, spectroscopic properties (positions of absorption and fluorescence spectra) and by photochemical properties. GFP-like proteins are very diverse, as they can be not only green, but also blue, orange-red, far-red, cyan, and yellow. They also can have dual-color fluorescence (e.g., green and red) or be non-fluorescent. Some of them possess kindling property, some are photoactivatable, and some are photoswitchable. This review is an attempt to characterize the main color groups of GFP-like proteins, describe their structure and mechanisms of chromophore formation, systemize data on their conformational stability and summarize the main trends of their utilization as markers and biosensors in cell and molecular biology.
来自维多利亚多管水母的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）是细胞生物学中研究最广泛、使用最普遍的蛋白质。随着几种天然存在的类GFP蛋白被发现，以及维多利亚多管水母GFP的增强突变体被创造出来，类GFP蛋白构成了一个快速增长的家族。这些突变体在构象稳定性、量子产率、光谱特性（吸收光谱和荧光光谱的位置）以及光化学特性方面与野生型GFP有所不同。类GFP蛋白非常多样，它们不仅可以是绿色的，还可以是蓝色、橙红色、远红色、青色和黄色。它们也可以具有双色荧光（例如，绿色和红色）或无荧光。其中一些具有点燃特性，一些是光激活的，还有一些是光开关的。这篇综述旨在对类GFP蛋白的主要颜色类别进行表征，描述其结构和发色团形成机制，整理关于其构象稳定性的数据，并总结其作为细胞和分子生物学中的标记物和生物传感器的主要应用趋势。
