Verkhusha Vladislav V, Lukyanov Konstantin A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, C236, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Mar;22(3):289-96. doi: 10.1038/nbt943.
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its fluorescent homologs from Anthozoa corals have become invaluable tools for in vivo imaging of cells and tissues. Despite spectral and chromophore diversity, about 100 cloned members of the GFP-like protein family possess common structural, biochemical and photophysical features. Anthozoa GFP-like proteins are available in colors and properties unlike those of A. victoria GFP variants and thus provide powerful new fluorophores for molecular labeling and intracellular detection. Although Anthozoa GFP-like proteins provide some advantages over GFP, they also have certain drawbacks, such as obligate oligomerization and slow or incomplete fluorescence maturation. In the past few years, effective approaches for eliminating some of these limitations have been described. In addition, several Anthozoa GFP-like proteins have been developed into novel imaging agents, such as monomeric red and dimeric far-red fluorescent proteins, fluorescent timers and photoconvertible fluorescent labels. Future studies on the structure of this diverse set of proteins will further enhance their use in animal tissues and as intracellular biosensors.
来自维多利亚多管水母的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）及其来自珊瑚纲珊瑚的荧光同源物已成为细胞和组织体内成像的宝贵工具。尽管存在光谱和发色团多样性，但约100个克隆的绿色荧光蛋白样蛋白家族成员具有共同的结构、生化和光物理特征。珊瑚纲绿色荧光蛋白样蛋白具有与维多利亚多管水母绿色荧光蛋白变体不同的颜色和特性，因此为分子标记和细胞内检测提供了强大的新型荧光团。尽管珊瑚纲绿色荧光蛋白样蛋白比绿色荧光蛋白具有一些优势，但它们也有某些缺点，如必须寡聚化以及荧光成熟缓慢或不完全。在过去几年中，已经描述了消除其中一些限制的有效方法。此外，几种珊瑚纲绿色荧光蛋白样蛋白已被开发成新型成像剂，如单体红色和二聚体远红色荧光蛋白、荧光定时器和光转换荧光标记。对这一多样的蛋白质组结构的未来研究将进一步提高它们在动物组织中的应用以及作为细胞内生物传感器的用途。
