Bywood Petra T, Lunnay Belinda, Roche Ann M
National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008 Sep;27(5):548-58. doi: 10.1080/09595230802245535.
In all areas of health research, including the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field, funds are committed to developing and evaluating research and resources, yet little is invested into helping potential resource users understand, adopt and implement innovations. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two professional practice change interventions (reminders and feedback) that are designed to bridge the 'research-practice gap' by increasing knowledge and changing behaviour of health-care professionals and specialist AOD workers. We conducted a systematic review of general health, AOD and mental health literature (1966 to March 2005). Fourteen existing systematic reviews and 15 primary studies were assessed. Because few studies evaluated the effectiveness of reminders and feedback in the AOD context, evidence is drawn largely from the general health-care literature. Use of reminders and feedback is supported for a range of health behaviours. AOD-specific clinical behaviours that are most likely to be improved with the use of reminders or feedback include pharmacotherapy prescribing, AOD education, screening and counselling and monitoring/management of AOD treatment and/or related problems (e.g. depression). Reminders and feedback are effective strategies to facilitate professional practice change and have potential in the AOD field. However, further well-designed empirical studies are needed to assess fully the effectiveness of these professional practice change strategies in AOD-specific contexts.
在包括酒精及其他药物（AOD）领域在内的所有健康研究领域，资金都用于开展和评估研究及资源，但在帮助潜在资源使用者理解、采用和实施创新方面投入甚少。本研究评估了两种专业实践变革干预措施（提醒和反馈）的有效性，这些措施旨在通过增加医疗保健专业人员和AOD领域专科工作人员的知识并改变其行为来弥合“研究与实践差距”。我们对一般健康、AOD和心理健康文献（1966年至2005年3月）进行了系统综述。评估了14项现有的系统综述和15项初步研究。由于很少有研究评估提醒和反馈在AOD背景下的有效性，证据主要来自一般医疗保健文献。提醒和反馈的使用在一系列健康行为方面得到了支持。使用提醒或反馈最有可能改善的AOD特定临床行为包括药物治疗处方、AOD教育、筛查与咨询以及AOD治疗和/或相关问题（如抑郁症）的监测/管理。提醒和反馈是促进专业实践变革的有效策略，在AOD领域具有潜力。然而，需要进一步设计完善的实证研究来全面评估这些专业实践变革策略在AOD特定背景下的有效性。
