Ferrario M M, Cimmino L, Ganna A, Cambiano V, Borchini R, Cesana G
Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2008 Jan-Mar;30(1 Suppl A):A29-38.
The demand-control model originally developed by Robert Karasek is in Italy the preferred tool to investigate perceived work stress due to work-related organizational constrains. We wish to report the comprehensive results of the SEMM Study, carried on a wide sample of civil servants. N. 5271 women and 2601 men, employed at the Municipality of Milan in the years 1991-1996 were enrolled into the study. The overall participation rate was high in both gender group (75% or more), indicating a good compliance of employees for health prevention programmes carried out in work settings. Each participant, who has given consent, in addition to the medical examinations and biological tests related to the investigation of work exposures, underwent to a structured procedure to measure cardiovascular risk factors, according to the methods developed in the WHO MONICA Project, job strain adopting the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), and the Baecke Questionnaire to investigate major quotes of physical activity. In this contest the JCQ has shown an acceptable level of internal and external consistency as well as of acceptance, measured by employees compliance. Psychological job demand and decision latitude can be assessed with two different JCQ revisions available in Italian, which were validated with the contribution of the author, at different complexity, but with comparable results of weighted scores. For a comprehensive assessment of the working conditions social support at work is also of relevance. In the work public sector considered, the JCQ major scores resulted to be valid descriptors of key aspects of the work organization. The concurrent assessment of sick leaves, known marker of burnout, allows to identify work- and individual-related determinants and, in a specific work setting, to give indications for coping actions which may improve workers' integration. In addition, the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, carried out with standardised and then reliable methods, allow to measure overall global CVD risk and to identify unhealthy behaviours that can be addressed with specific preventive programmes.
最初由罗伯特·卡拉塞克开发的需求 - 控制模型在意大利是用于调查因与工作相关的组织限制而产生的工作压力感的首选工具。我们希望报告对大量公务员样本进行的SEMM研究的综合结果。1991年至1996年在米兰市工作的5271名女性和2601名男性被纳入该研究。两个性别组的总体参与率都很高（75%或更高），表明员工对工作场所开展的健康预防计划的良好依从性。每个已同意参与的参与者，除了进行与工作暴露调查相关的医学检查和生物测试外，还根据世界卫生组织MONICA项目开发的方法、采用工作内容问卷（JCQ）测量工作压力以及采用贝克问卷调查主要身体活动情况，接受了一个结构化程序来测量心血管危险因素。在这种情况下，JCQ在内部和外部一致性以及接受度方面都显示出可接受的水平，接受度通过员工依从性来衡量。心理工作需求和决策自由度可以用意大利语提供的两种不同的JCQ修订版进行评估，这两个版本在作者的贡献下经过了验证，具有不同的复杂性，但加权分数结果相当。为了全面评估工作条件，工作中的社会支持也很重要。在所考虑的公共部门工作中，JCQ主要分数是工作组织关键方面的有效描述指标。对病假（已知的倦怠标志）的同时评估可以识别与工作和个人相关的决定因素，并在特定工作环境中为可能改善员工融入情况的应对行动提供指示。此外，采用标准化且可靠的方法对心血管危险因素进行评估，可以测量总体全球心血管疾病风险，并识别可以通过特定预防计划解决的不健康行为。
