Ferrario M, Cecchino C, Chiodini P, Ragno G, Merluzzi F, Borchini R, Taborelli S, Cesana G
Università degli studi dell'Insubria e Ospedale di Circolo, Fondazioni Macchi, Varese.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2003 Jul-Sep;25 Suppl(3):204-5.
In recent years more attention has been paid to the relationship between work organization and job stress and chronic-degenerative diseases. Aims of this report are the assessment of the reliability and internal consistency of the Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire-JCQ and to assess age-specific distributions of core JCQ scores between the gender groups. The study has been carried out in a large group of employees (n. 7871 subjects, 5270 women and 2601 men) of the Municipality of Milano in the years between 1992 and 1996. Decision Latitude (DL), Psychological Job Demand (PJD) and Social Support at Work (SSW) scores were calculated. Reliability of the JCQ was satisfactory, with Cronback's alpha suitable values for DL and SSW and acceptable for PJD. From the distribution of gender- and age-specific mean scores, women show reduced probabilities of developing a favorable career and of perceiving satisfactorily the support from colleagues and supervisors than men when they get older. This results suggest that the Karasek's JCQ is an effective toll to describe perceived job stress conditions in this Italian work setting.
近年来，工作组织与工作压力及慢性退行性疾病之间的关系受到了更多关注。本报告的目的是评估 Karasek 工作内容问卷（JCQ）的信度和内部一致性，并评估不同性别群体中 JCQ 核心得分的年龄特异性分布。该研究于 1992 年至 1996 年间在米兰市的一大群员工（共 7871 名受试者，其中女性 5270 名，男性 2601 名）中进行。计算了决策自由度（DL）、心理工作需求（PJD）和工作中的社会支持（SSW）得分。JCQ 的信度令人满意，Cronback's alpha 系数对于 DL 和 SSW 为合适值，对于 PJD 为可接受值。从按性别和年龄划分的平均得分分布来看，随着年龄增长，女性相较于男性，获得良好职业发展以及满意地感受到同事和上级支持的概率更低。这些结果表明，Karasek 的 JCQ 是描述意大利这种工作环境中所感知到的工作压力状况的有效工具。
