Döller G, Tjhen K Y, Schuy W, Gerth H J
Abteilung für Medizinische Virologie und Epidemiologie, Universität Tübingen.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1991 May;139(5):287-91.
Since virus isolation consumes a lot of work and time, and virus specific antibodies are not detectable before several days after the onset of illness we developed an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of influenza A and influenza B virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS). This test permits antigen detection within four hours. This ELISA was tested with 119 NPS from children, most of these between 1-12 years old. Virus isolation in MDCK-cells served as control. A total of 67 influenza A/H3N2-, 10 influenza A/H1N1, and 2 influenza B viruses were isolated from cell cultures. 68 (88.3%) of the NPS reacted positive in influenza A virus antigen ELISA, 2 in influenza B virus antigen ELISA, and 9 reacted falsely-negative. The failure to detect antigen could not be solely due to low antigen concentration in the NPS because in 5 materials high concentrations of infectious virus were shown in cell culture. The test allows the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infections with high efficacy also for laboratories without the facility to perform tissue culture. For accelerating the diagnosis by isolation of viruses in cell cultures, ELISA is useful as cell culture confirmation test, because influenza virus antigen is detectable before a cytopathogenic effect appears.
由于病毒分离工作繁琐且耗时，且在发病数天后才能检测到病毒特异性抗体，因此我们开发了一种酶免疫测定法（ELISA），用于检测鼻咽标本（NPS）中的甲型和乙型流感病毒抗原。该检测方法可在4小时内检测到抗原。我们用119份来自儿童的鼻咽标本对该ELISA进行了检测，其中大多数儿童年龄在1至12岁之间。以在MDCK细胞中进行病毒分离作为对照。从细胞培养物中总共分离出67株甲型H3N2流感病毒、10株甲型H1N1流感病毒和2株乙型流感病毒。68份（88.3%）鼻咽标本在甲型流感病毒抗原ELISA中呈阳性反应，2份在乙型流感病毒抗原ELISA中呈阳性反应，9份呈假阴性反应。未能检测到抗原不能仅仅归因于鼻咽标本中抗原浓度低，因为在5份标本中细胞培养显示有高浓度的感染性病毒。该检测方法即使对于没有进行组织培养设施的实验室，也能高效地快速诊断流感病毒感染。为了通过在细胞培养物中分离病毒来加速诊断，ELISA作为细胞培养确认试验很有用，因为在细胞病变效应出现之前就能检测到流感病毒抗原。
