Allen Claire L, Bayraktutan Ulvi
Division of Stroke Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Int J Stroke. 2008 May;3(2):105-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x.
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western populations, with up to 40% of survivors not expected to recover independence from severe disabilities. This equates to an immense financial burden on health systems worldwide. Hence further education is required to inform individuals of the risks to promote secondary prevention strategies in future generations. Stroke is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Modifiable factors include a history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Nonmodifiable factors include age, sex and race. Other less-well documented risk factors include geographic location, socioeconomic status and alcoholism. Approximately 80% of stroke events could be reduced by making simple lifestyle modifications. Further studies are required to clarify the role and interplay of the risk factors outlined to give a more comprehensive understanding of stroke and to aid and drive the development of more effective stroke prevention programs, in high risk groups.
中风是西方人群发病和死亡的主要原因，高达40%的幸存者预计无法从严重残疾中恢复独立。这相当于给全球卫生系统带来了巨大的经济负担。因此，需要进一步开展教育，让人们了解这些风险，以便在后代中推广二级预防策略。中风是一种由可改变和不可改变的风险因素所调控的异质性、多因素疾病。可改变因素包括高血压病史、糖尿病和冠心病史。不可改变因素包括年龄、性别和种族。其他记录较少的风险因素包括地理位置、社会经济地位和酗酒。通过简单的生活方式改变，大约80%的中风事件是可以减少的。需要进一步研究以阐明上述风险因素的作用及其相互作用，从而更全面地了解中风，并有助于推动针对高危人群制定更有效的中风预防计划。
