Masterton Robert
Ayrshire and Arran National Health Service Board, The Ayr Hospital, Ayr, United Kingdom.
Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 15;47 Suppl 1:S21-31. doi: 10.1086/590063.
Surveillance studies provide important information that allows for the identification of trends in pathogen incidence and antimicrobial resistance, including identification of emerging pathogens at national and global levels. Routine surveillance is critical for creating and refining approaches to controlling antimicrobial resistance and for guiding clinician decisions regarding appropriate treatment. The traditional approach has been to monitor pathogen antimicrobial susceptibility; numerous large studies have been performed, and their designs have evolved over time. Longitudinal studies are particularly useful because important information can be obtained by comparing data over time. Another approach to surveillance, that of monitoring antimicrobial use, can help to identify trends in dosing, to prevent the development of resistance. Several studies have incorporated this approach into their methods, and both large and small studies have attempted to correlate antimicrobial use data with antimicrobial resistance data. Overall, care must be taken to coordinate programs for optimal utilization of resources, to avoid duplication of effort.
监测研究提供了重要信息，有助于识别病原体发病率和抗菌药物耐药性的趋势，包括在国家和全球层面识别新出现的病原体。常规监测对于制定和完善控制抗菌药物耐药性的方法以及指导临床医生做出适当治疗决策至关重要。传统方法是监测病原体对抗菌药物的敏感性；已经开展了大量研究，其设计也随着时间的推移而不断演变。纵向研究特别有用，因为通过比较不同时间的数据可以获得重要信息。另一种监测方法，即监测抗菌药物的使用情况，有助于识别用药剂量趋势，预防耐药性的产生。一些研究已将这种方法纳入其研究方法中，无论大型研究还是小型研究都试图将抗菌药物使用数据与抗菌药物耐药性数据关联起来。总体而言，必须谨慎协调各项计划，以实现资源的最佳利用，避免工作重复。
