Bello Aminu K, Peters Jean, Wight Jeremy, de Zeeuw Dick, El Nahas Meguid
Sheffield Kidney Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Sep;52(3):434-43. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.034. Epub 2008 Mar 25.
Microalbuminuria has been used to detect subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes, those with hypertension, and the general population. However, relatives of patients with CKD have not been investigated for microalbuminuria in the United Kingdom.
A cross-sectional study evaluating the prevalence of microalbuminuria in relatives of patients with CKD compared with the general population of Sheffield, England.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Program in Sheffield, a population-based screening program for microalbuminuria. 274 relatives of patients with CKD were studied and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group from the general population.
Family history of CKD.
MEASUREMENT & OUTCOMES: Screening tools included a questionnaire collating information for demographics, lifestyle, and medical and family history of diabetes, hypertension, and CKD. Urine samples were collected for microalbuminuria estimation. Microalbuminuria measurements were obtained by using immunonephelometry. Microalbuminuria thresholds were defined using albumin-creatinine ratio.
The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 9.5% in those with a family history of CKD. This was significantly greater than the prevalence of 1.4% in the age- and sex-matched control group with no family history of CKD (P = 0.001). Independent determinants of microalbuminuria in the study population in an adjusted logistic regression model were family history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 7.04), obesity (OR, 3.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.61 to 6.69), and family history of CKD (OR, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 3.48 to 13.92).
Cross-sectional snapshot analysis, microalbuminuria measured once.
The prevalence of microalbuminuria in relatives of patients with CKD is greater than in an age- and sex-matched control group from the general population. The prognostic value of microalbuminuria in this category of at-risk population remains to be determined in longitudinal studies.
微量白蛋白尿已被用于检测糖尿病患者、高血压患者以及普通人群中具有心血管疾病和慢性肾脏病（CKD）风险的个体。然而，在英国，尚未对CKD患者的亲属进行微量白蛋白尿的调查。
一项横断面研究，评估CKD患者亲属中微量白蛋白尿的患病率，并与英国谢菲尔德的普通人群进行比较。
参与谢菲尔德肾脏评估与认知项目，这是一项基于人群的微量白蛋白尿筛查项目。对274名CKD患者的亲属进行了研究，并与来自普通人群的年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。
CKD家族史。
筛查工具包括一份问卷，用于收集人口统计学、生活方式以及糖尿病、高血压和CKD的医疗和家族史信息。收集尿液样本以估计微量白蛋白尿。微量白蛋白尿的测量采用免疫比浊法。微量白蛋白尿阈值通过白蛋白-肌酐比值来定义。
有CKD家族史者微量白蛋白尿的患病率为9.5%。这显著高于无CKD家族史的年龄和性别匹配对照组的患病率1.4%（P = 0.001）。在调整后的逻辑回归模型中，研究人群中微量白蛋白尿的独立决定因素为糖尿病家族史（比值比[OR]，2.88；95%置信区间，1.17至7.04）、肥胖（OR，3.29；95%置信区间，1.61至6.69）以及CKD家族史（OR，6.96；95%置信区间，3.48至13.92）。
横断面快照分析，微量白蛋白尿仅测量一次。
CKD患者亲属中微量白蛋白尿的患病率高于普通人群中年龄和性别匹配的对照组。在纵向研究中，微量白蛋白尿在这类高危人群中的预后价值仍有待确定。
