Sheffield Kidney Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;116(2):c95-103. doi: 10.1159/000314658. Epub 2010 May 21.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Microalbuminuria (MA) detects subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among diabetics, hypertensives and the general population. There is still a paucity of data on prevalence and risk factors for MA in the UK. We examined in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and risk factors for MA in the general population of Sheffield, UK.
The study was conducted among participants of the Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Program in Sheffield (KEAPS), a population-based screening program for MA. The screening tools included a questionnaire collating information on demographics, lifestyle, medical and family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CKD. MA measurements were obtained by immunonephelometry, and MA thresholds were defined using the albumin-creatinine ratio.
The prevalence of MA was 7.1% in a random sample of a Sheffield-based population screened only once. The prevalence was 6.2% in the non-diabetic and non-hypertensive subjects. The prevalence of MA was only 1.3% in the subjects without any known risk factor, such as old age, diabetes, hypertension, obesity or CVD. The prevalence of MA could be overestimated as it was based on a single albumin-creatinine ratio testing. The independent predictor variables associated with the presence of MA in a mutually adjusted logistic regression model were: age (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02), diabetes (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.30-8.13), obesity (OR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.71-9.80) and family history of hypertension (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.00-3.47).
The main determinants of MA were increased age, diabetes, obesity and family history of hypertension. On the population level, obesity as a risk factor for MA is less well documented; in this study obesity had greater odds for MA than diabetes and hypertension.
背景/目的：微量白蛋白尿（MA）可发现糖尿病、高血压和普通人群中心血管疾病（CVD）和慢性肾脏病（CKD）的高危人群。英国有关 MA 的患病率和危险因素的数据仍然很少。我们在英国谢菲尔德的一项横断面研究中检查了普通人群中 MA 的患病率和危险因素。
该研究是在谢菲尔德肾脏病评估和意识计划（KEAPS）的参与者中进行的，这是一项针对 MA 的基于人群的筛查计划。筛查工具包括一份问卷，收集人口统计学、生活方式、糖尿病、高血压和 CKD 病史的信息。MA 测量采用免疫比浊法进行，MA 阈值采用白蛋白/肌酐比值定义。
在仅筛查一次的谢菲尔德人群的随机样本中，MA 的患病率为 7.1%。在非糖尿病和非高血压患者中，MA 的患病率为 6.2%。在没有任何已知危险因素的患者中，如年龄较大、糖尿病、高血压、肥胖或 CVD，MA 的患病率仅为 1.3%。由于它基于单次白蛋白/肌酐比值检测，MA 的患病率可能被高估。在相互调整的逻辑回归模型中，与 MA 存在相关的独立预测变量为：年龄（OR = 1.012，95%CI：1.00-1.02）、糖尿病（OR = 3.25，95%CI：1.30-8.13）、肥胖（OR = 4.09，95%CI：1.71-9.80）和高血压家族史（OR = 1.87，95%CI：1.00-3.47）。
MA 的主要决定因素是年龄增加、糖尿病、肥胖和高血压家族史。在人群水平上，肥胖作为 MA 的危险因素的证据较少；在这项研究中，肥胖发生 MA 的几率大于糖尿病和高血压。
