Hochwälder Jacek
Stockholm Centre of Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden. Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
Work. 2008;30(4):343-52.
The relation between empowerment and burnout was investigated using a two-wave and two-variable panel model. A questionnaire was completed on two occasions, one year apart, by 1,356 nurses. The paths in the model were estimated using regression analyses and the following results were obtained: (a) empowerment is a stable state; (b) higher levels of empowerment are related to lower levels of burnout, when empowerment and burnout are studied at the same point in time; (c) higher prior levels of empowerment can be associated with higher later levels of burnout, when empowerment and burnout are studied at different points in time; (d) for assistant nurses, but not for registered nurses, prior higher levels of burnout resulted in lower later levels of empowerment, indicating a reciprocal relation between the two concepts. The results imply that what is a protective factor from a cross-sectional perspective may be a risk factor from a longitudinal perspective.
采用两波双变量面板模型研究了赋权与职业倦怠之间的关系。1356名护士在相隔一年的两个时间点完成了问卷调查。通过回归分析估计模型中的路径，得到以下结果：(a) 赋权是一种稳定状态；(b) 在同一时间点研究赋权和职业倦怠时，较高水平的赋权与较低水平的职业倦怠相关；(c) 在不同时间点研究赋权和职业倦怠时，先前较高水平的赋权可能与后来较高水平的职业倦怠相关；(d) 对于助理护士而非注册护士，先前较高水平的职业倦怠导致后来较低水平的赋权，表明这两个概念之间存在相互关系。结果表明，从横断面角度看是保护因素的，从纵向角度看可能是风险因素。
