Condom use and self-efficacy among female sex workers with steady partners in China.

This study attempted to determine the association of self-efficacy with condom-use practice and to explore reasons of not using condoms among female sex workers (FSWs) with steady partners in China. Data from 309 establishment-based FSWs with steady partners in one Chinese county were collected through a cross-sectional study. Consistent condom use with steady partners was lower than with clients in entertainment establishments. Condom-use self-efficacy was positively associated with condom-use communication and condom-use frequency with clients but not with steady partners. It was positively associated with condom-use intention and skill with clients and steady partners. However, it was not associated with appropriate use of condoms. Significant differences of reasons about not using condom were also observed between the two partner types. The results may represent an important challenge to STD and HIV intervention programs aimed at achieving consistent condom use in FSWs. Health workers should focus on psychosocial factors affecting inconsistent condom use among FSWs with steady partners in China. In addition, intervention programs that can promote FSWs' self-efficacy through condom-use skill training will still be necessary.