Welkoborsky H J, Sorger K, Knuth A, Bernal-Spekrelsen M, Dippold W G
Univ.-HNO-Klinik Mainz.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1991 Jun;70(6):302-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-998042.
Malignant melanomas of the mucous membranes are rare tumors. They make up about 10% of all malignant melanomas of the head and neck; 15 of the authors' cases are reviewed in this article. Six of these had neck lymph node metastasis when first diagnosed. The tumors were surgically removed in all patients. Thirteen patients developed at least one tumor recurrence, ten patients distant metastasis. Eight patients died of the tumor condition; the mean survival time of all patients was 33.4 months. While the tumors could be classified histologically into four types, this had no bearing on the course of the disease. In many cases, primary tumor and metastasis or recurrent tumor differed histologically. Melanin pigment was found in 13 tumors. Mucosal melanomas can be regarded as a discrete tumor entity because their biological behavior differs from that of malignant melanomas of the skin. However there are no morphological differences between the two tumor entities. Ophthalmological and dermatological examinations must be performed in all patients with mucosal melanoma to exclude metastasis of the skin or choroid melanoma.
黏膜恶性黑色素瘤是罕见肿瘤。它们约占头颈部所有恶性黑色素瘤的10%；本文回顾了作者的15例病例。其中6例初诊时已有颈部淋巴结转移。所有患者均接受了手术切除肿瘤。13例患者至少出现1次肿瘤复发，10例发生远处转移。8例患者死于肿瘤；所有患者的平均生存时间为33.4个月。虽然肿瘤在组织学上可分为四种类型，但这与疾病进程无关。在许多病例中，原发性肿瘤与转移瘤或复发性肿瘤在组织学上存在差异。13个肿瘤中发现了黑色素。黏膜黑色素瘤可被视为一种独立的肿瘤实体，因为其生物学行为不同于皮肤恶性黑色素瘤。然而，这两种肿瘤实体之间没有形态学差异。所有黏膜黑色素瘤患者均必须进行眼科和皮肤科检查，以排除皮肤或脉络膜黑色素瘤的转移。
