Snow G B, van der Waal I
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1986 Aug;19(3):537-47.
Mucosal melanoma is a rare tumor in the head and neck region. The presence of a pigmented lesion in the mucous membranes should raise the suspicion of malignant melanoma. It may at times be difficult for the pathologist to arrive at the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. It is mandatory, therefore, that the clinician provide the pathologist with a representative fresh biopsy specimen. One of the most intriguing features of this unusual tumor is the unpredictability of its clinical course. In some cases it is explosive, characterized by rapid, wide-spread dissemination. At other times, long dormant periods of more than 10 years' duration may be followed by recurrence with a fatal outcome. Radical surgery is the preferred treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy is applied when doubt exists as to the radicality of the surgical procedure. Treatment of recurrences, both local/regional, and distant, can be of great value to the patient. Therefore, otolaryngologists should be acquainted with the many local and systemic treatment modalities which have recently become available for recurrent melanoma. The ultimate prognosis is poor.
黏膜黑色素瘤是头颈部区域的一种罕见肿瘤。黏膜中出现色素沉着病变应引起对恶性黑色素瘤的怀疑。有时病理学家很难做出恶性黑色素瘤的诊断。因此，临床医生必须向病理学家提供具有代表性的新鲜活检标本。这种不寻常肿瘤最引人注目的特征之一是其临床病程的不可预测性。在某些情况下，病情发展迅速，其特征是快速广泛扩散。而在其他时候，可能会有长达10多年的长期休眠期，随后复发并导致致命后果。根治性手术是首选治疗方法。当对手术的根治性存在疑问时，可进行术后放疗。局部/区域复发和远处复发的治疗对患者可能具有很大价值。因此，耳鼻喉科医生应熟悉最近可用于复发性黑色素瘤的许多局部和全身治疗方法。最终预后很差。
