Identification by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of lipids from the rat Harderian gland.

Lipids from rat Harderian glands were extracted with ethyl acetate, hydrolysed with base and examined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9]TMS, methyl ester-TMS, picolinyl, nicotinate and nicotinylidene derivatives. The latter three derivatives were used to reveal the structures of the alkyl chains of fatty acids, alcohols and glycerol ethers, respectively. Forty-eight compounds were identified, representing about 97% of the total extracted lipids as measured by GC peak areas. The major constituents were fatty acids with chain lengths from 12 to 22 carbon atoms (mainly C18 and C20) and fatty alcohols (C16 to C26) derived from wax esters. Most of these acids and alcohols were unsaturated in the omega-7 position and were accompanied by smaller amounts of the saturated and omega-5 monounsaturated analogues. glycerol ethers were also identified for the first time in this secretion; the ether chains contained from 14 to 19 carbon atoms (mainly 16) and were straight-chain saturated, unsaturated (omega-5 and omega-7) and branched (iso). The only sterol found was cholesterol amounting to 1.24% of the total extract.