Buso G S C, Paiva M R, Torres A C, Resende F V, Ferreira M A, Buso J A, Dusi A N
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2008 Jun 17;7(2):534-41. doi: 10.4238/vol7-2gmr451.
The garlic cultivars grown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone selection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. Two hundred and six random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10%. Similarity varied between 16 and 98% and cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities correlate with morphological characters of the cultivars and production cycle variation. High bootstrap values at most of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varieties agreed well with previous reports based on morphological characters. As a vegetative-propagated species, viral diseases are a key problem regarding production and quality of the bulbs, causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in storage capacity. To improve the health quality of garlic seed, a virus-free stock of garlic cloves of the Amarante cultivar was obtained. The ability to distinguish garlic cultivars to detect varietal mixing after in vitro multiplication is extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were also used to differentiate cultivars while they are in vitro and not amenable to morphological discrimination. No difference was identified between the fingerprints of the virus-free or of the infected bulks of Amarante, showing that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material in the clonal multiplication phase.
巴西种植的大蒜品种是通过体细胞突变、育种计划中的克隆选择以及从其他国家引进种质资源而演变而来的。形态特征已被用于区分这些品种。利用206个随机扩增多态性DNA标记对巴西17个种植最广泛的大蒜品种进行了多样性分析。自展分析表明，标记数量足以有效获得10%的变异系数。相似性在16%至98%之间变化，聚类分析表明，一般来说，遗传相似性与品种的形态特征和生产周期变化相关。大多数节点的高自展值支持了树状图的稳定性。大多数品种的分组与先前基于形态特征的报道一致。作为一种无性繁殖的物种，病毒病是影响鳞茎产量和品质的关键问题，会导致产量逐渐损失和储存能力下降。为提高大蒜种子的健康质量，获得了阿马兰特品种的无病毒蒜瓣。在体外繁殖后，能够区分大蒜品种以检测品种混杂极为重要，因为在生产出鳞茎之前无法进行正确鉴定。随机扩增多态性DNA标记也被用于在品种处于体外且无法进行形态鉴别时进行区分。在阿马兰特无病毒或受感染鳞茎的指纹图谱之间未发现差异，表明在克隆繁殖阶段处理材料时没有蒜瓣混杂。
