Hansen W B, Raynor A E, Wolkenstein B H
Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
J Behav Med. 1991 Jun;14(3):205-24. doi: 10.1007/BF00845452.
Heavy drinkers, moderate drinkers, light drinkers, and nondrinkers were asked to rate a variety of negative health and social consequences of using alcohol. Subjects made probability ratings for fictional others who were heavy, moderate, or light drinkers or nondrinkers. Subjects also made probability ratings for themselves as hypothetical heavy, moderate, or light drinkers or nondrinkers and for themselves actually. A pattern of perceived personal immunity was found across groups. Subjects rated fictional others and themselves as hypothetical drinkers to be more likely to experience negative consequences than their actual selves. All groups of subjects (heavy, moderate, and light drinkers and abstainers) rated their actual chances of experiencing negative consequences to be approximately equal. In contrast, heavy drinkers saw the effects of drinking for other heavy drinkers as less likely than did subjects who had light or abstinent drinking patterns who rated fictional heavy drinkers. These findings suggest that individuals who drink more tend to deny the potential harm that may result from alcohol consumption. Short-term social consequences were viewed as most likely to occur. Long-term consequences were perceived as least likely to occur.
研究人员要求酗酒者、适度饮酒者、轻度饮酒者和不饮酒者对饮酒带来的各种负面健康和社会后果进行评分。受试者对虚构的酗酒者、适度饮酒者、轻度饮酒者或不饮酒者的负面后果进行概率评分。受试者还对自己假设为酗酒者、适度饮酒者、轻度饮酒者或不饮酒者以及实际情况进行概率评分。研究发现，不同群体都存在一种认为自身具有免疫力的模式。受试者认为虚构的他人以及假设为饮酒者的自己比实际的自己更有可能经历负面后果。所有受试者群体（酗酒者、适度饮酒者、轻度饮酒者和戒酒者）对自己经历负面后果的实际可能性的评分大致相同。相比之下，与轻度饮酒或戒酒的受试者对虚构酗酒者的评分相比，酗酒者认为酗酒对其他酗酒者的影响可能性更小。这些发现表明，饮酒较多的人往往会否认饮酒可能带来的潜在危害。短期社会后果被认为最有可能发生。长期后果被认为最不可能发生。
