Danielsson Rolf, Frank Adrian
Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Oct;157(1-4):73-88. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0516-y. Epub 2008 Aug 29.
In the northern hemisphere moose has been found to be suitable as a monitoring animal for the presence of cadmium in the environment. The metal accumulates mainly in the kidney and the liver, with the rate of accumulation dependent on age and possibly also on gender. Collection of tissue material often results in sample selections with disparate age and gender composition, which makes comparison between different regions and different studies difficult. A previous large scale investigation of metals in kidney and liver from moose in Sweden provided Cd data (n = 3,817 and 3,802, respectively) to further explore the relation between Cd accumulation and age/gender. Based on local averages, the individual deviations were analysed with respect to the factors age and gender resulting in an 'ageing function' for each gender and organ. In addition, estimates of the pure individual variations were obtained; the standard deviations correspond to a factor 1.7-1.9 for the Cd concentration, which indicates that 25-30 samples are needed to give a representative mean value (with RSD approximately 10%). In order to be able to compare results from different studies, all individual results can be transformed to represent a 'standard moose' with respect to age and gender. A comparison along these lines was undertaken between Cd levels in Alaska and Sweden. Finally, a relationship between the Cd levels in kidney and liver was derived, providing at least rough estimates for kidney from liver values (or vice versa).
在北半球，驼鹿已被证明适合作为监测环境中镉存在情况的动物。这种金属主要在肾脏和肝脏中蓄积，蓄积速率取决于年龄，可能还取决于性别。采集组织材料往往会导致样本在年龄和性别构成上存在差异，这使得不同地区和不同研究之间的比较变得困难。此前对瑞典驼鹿肾脏和肝脏中的金属进行的大规模调查提供了镉数据（分别为n = 3817和3802），以进一步探究镉蓄积与年龄/性别的关系。基于当地平均值，针对年龄和性别因素分析了个体偏差，得出了每个性别和器官的“老化函数”。此外，还获得了纯个体变异的估计值；镉浓度的标准偏差对应于1.7 - 1.9的系数，这表明需要25 - 30个样本才能得出具有代表性的平均值（相对标准偏差约为10%）。为了能够比较不同研究的结果，可以将所有个体结果进行转换，以呈现一只在年龄和性别方面具有“标准特征”的驼鹿。沿着这些思路对阿拉斯加和瑞典的镉水平进行了比较。最后，得出了肾脏和肝脏中镉水平之间的关系，从而至少能根据肝脏值大致估算出肾脏中的镉水平（反之亦然）。
