Sivertsen T, Daae H L, Godal A, Sand G
Department of Toxicology and Chemistry, Central Veterinary Laboratory, PO Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Environ Pollut. 1995;90(1):75-81. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00091-q.
Concentrations of the elements aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc in liver, and of nickel in kidneys, were studied in reindeer, moose and sheep from South Varanger in eastern Finnmark and comparable districts in western Finnmark, Norway. The study included samples from 31 reindeer, 10 moose and 10 sheep from Jarfjord (South Varanger); 31 reindeer, 27 moose and 15 sheep from Pasvik (South Varanger); and 40 reindeer, 16 moose and 15 sheep from western Finnmark. Levels of arsenic, copper, nickel and selenium were much higher in reindeer from one or both areas in South Varanger than in reindeer from western Finnmark. Levels of chromium, cobalt and zinc were also significantly higher in South Varanger reindeer than in reindeer from the reference area. Within South Varanger the highest levels of these elements were invariably found in the Jarfjord area. For the other elements studied hepatic levels in South Varanger were similar to or lower than in western Finnmark. Also in moose, higher levels of nickel and of selenium (Jarfjord only) were found in the South Varanger samples than in samples from western Finnmark. In sheep, on the other hand, levels in South Varanger samples were similar to levels in western Finnmark for all the elements studied. Comparing the results with reports on pollution of air and vegetation, it was concluded that for all the elements showing higher levels in reindeer and moose from South Varanger compared to the reference areas, the effect most probably was a result of atmospheric transport of industrial pollution from the nearby Russian towns Nikel and Zapoljarnij. The geographical and interspecies differences within the South Varanger samples support this conclusion.
对来自挪威芬马克郡东部南瓦朗厄尔以及芬马克郡西部类似地区的驯鹿、驼鹿和绵羊的肝脏中铝、砷、镉、铬、钴、铜、铅、汞、镍、硒和锌等元素的含量，以及肾脏中镍的含量进行了研究。该研究包括来自耶尔峡湾（南瓦朗厄尔）的31头驯鹿、10头驼鹿和10只绵羊的样本；来自帕斯维克（南瓦朗厄尔）的31头驯鹿、27头驼鹿和15只绵羊的样本；以及来自芬马克郡西部的40头驯鹿、16头驼鹿和15只绵羊的样本。来自南瓦朗厄尔一个或两个地区的驯鹿体内砷、铜、镍和硒的含量远高于来自芬马克郡西部的驯鹿。南瓦朗厄尔的驯鹿体内铬、钴和锌的含量也显著高于参考地区的驯鹿。在南瓦朗厄尔地区，这些元素的最高含量总是出现在耶尔峡湾地区。对于所研究的其他元素，南瓦朗厄尔地区肝脏中的含量与芬马克郡西部相似或更低。在驼鹿中，南瓦朗厄尔地区样本中的镍和硒含量（仅耶尔峡湾地区）高于芬马克郡西部的样本。另一方面，在绵羊中，南瓦朗厄尔地区样本中所研究的所有元素的含量与芬马克郡西部的含量相似。将结果与关于空气和植被污染的报告进行比较后得出结论，对于所有在南瓦朗厄尔的驯鹿和驼鹿中含量高于参考地区的元素，其影响很可能是附近俄罗斯城镇尼克列尔和扎波利亚尔内的工业污染通过大气传输造成的。南瓦朗厄尔地区样本中的地理和物种间差异支持了这一结论。
