Golinkoff Roberta Michnick, Hirsh-Pasek Kathy
School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Oct;12(10):397-403. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Aug 27.
Any theory of language must account for how children learn verbs, the gateway to grammar. Yet verbs can be difficult to learn. Building on Gentner's 'natural partitions hypothesis' we suggest that, to learn a verb, infants must conceptualize components of events and map verbs in the ambient language onto those components. Although toddlers detect and categorize at least some of the conceptual underpinnings of verb categories, the mapping of verbs onto these representations is not transparent. Mapping is a difficult problem in its own right. The Emergentist Coalition Model that has been used to explain noun learning also begins to explain how children move from perceptual to social and then to linguistic information to link verbs to actions and events.
任何语言理论都必须解释儿童如何学习动词,而动词是通向语法的大门。然而,动词可能很难学。基于Gentner的“自然划分假说”,我们认为,为了学习一个动词,婴儿必须将事件的组成部分概念化,并将周围语言中的动词映射到这些组成部分上。尽管幼儿能够检测并对至少一些动词类别的概念基础进行分类,但动词到这些表征的映射并不清晰。映射本身就是一个难题。用于解释名词学习的涌现主义联合模型也开始解释儿童如何从感知信息转向社会信息,然后再转向语言信息,从而将动词与动作和事件联系起来。