Albert T, Raspé O, Jacquemart A-L
Unité d'Ecologie et de Biogéographie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2008 Sep;10(5):643-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00067.x.
Clonal growth, which allows the multiplication of flowering shoots of the same genet, can lead to a large floral display and may thus increase the rate of selfing through geitonogamy as a consequence of an increase in the number of successively visited flowers. The aim of the present research was to analyse the combined effect of the diversity and intermingling of clones on the rate of selfing in Vaccinium myrtillus. Four mother plants were selected within patches characterised by contrasting clonal structure (low versus high number and intermingling of clones). The selfing rate was significantly lower for plants situated within patches characterised by a high number of intermingled clones (3%) than for plants situated in patches with a low number of clones (50%). Therefore, for this species suffering from inbreeding depression, an increase in the number or the intermingling of the clones could reduce the rate and the cost of geitonogamy and allow a large floral display to attract pollinators. We also found that the main pollinators, bumblebee queens, presented a foraging behaviour favouring geitonogamy, as their successive visits to flowers were quite short (89% of flights were 40 cm or less).
克隆生长允许同一基株的开花枝条增殖，能形成大规模的花展示，进而可能因相继访问的花朵数量增加，通过同株异花授粉提高自交率。本研究的目的是分析克隆的多样性和混合程度对欧洲越橘自交率的综合影响。在具有不同克隆结构（克隆数量和混合程度低与高）特征的斑块内选择了四株母株。处于克隆数量多且相互混合的斑块中的植株自交率（3%）显著低于克隆数量少的斑块中的植株（50%）。因此，对于这种遭受近亲繁殖衰退的物种来说，克隆数量的增加或克隆的混合可以降低同株异花授粉的比率和成本，并能形成大规模的花展示以吸引传粉者。我们还发现，主要传粉者熊蜂蜂后表现出有利于同株异花授粉的觅食行为，因为它们相继访问花朵的距离相当短（89%的飞行距离为40厘米或更短）。
