Patel Nilang, Dalal Pranav, Panesar Mandip
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erie County Medical Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, USA.
Semin Dial. 2008 Sep-Oct;21(5):493-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2008.00474.x. Epub 2008 Aug 28.
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) is characterized by neurological symptoms caused by rapid removal of urea during hemodialysis. It develops primarily from an osmotic gradient that develops between the brain and the plasma as a result of rapid hemodialysis. This results in brain edema that manifests as neurological symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, tremors, disturbed consciousness, and convulsions. In severe cases, patients can die from advanced cerebral edema. Recent advancements in cell biology implicate the role of urea disequilibrium (with a smaller contribution from organic osmolytes) as the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for this syndrome. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and prevention of DDS.
透析失衡综合征（DDS）的特征是在血液透析过程中由于尿素的快速清除而引起的神经症状。它主要是由于快速血液透析导致大脑与血浆之间形成渗透梯度而产生的。这会导致脑水肿，表现为头痛、恶心、呕吐、肌肉痉挛、震颤、意识障碍和抽搐等神经症状。在严重的情况下，患者可能死于严重的脑水肿。细胞生物学的最新进展表明尿素失衡（有机渗透质的作用较小）是导致该综合征的病理生理机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了透析失衡综合征的发病机制、临床特征和预防措施。
