Huotari Anne, Herzig Karl-Heinz
A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2008 Jun;67(2-3):164-78. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v67i2-3.18258.
To review the current literature on the health effects of vitamin D, especially the effects on inhabitants living in the northern latitudes.
Literature review.
The scientific literature concerning health effects of vitamin D was reviewed and the current dietary recommendations for inhabitants living in northern latitudes were discussed.
Vitamin D is a steroid-structured hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB-radiation or obtained from certain food products (for example, liver). Its production is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, which belongs to the nuclear receptor family, and exerts its function as a transcription factor regulating several target genes. Active metabolites of vitamin D play an important role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Deficiency of vitamin D results in diminished bone mineralization and an increased risk of fractures. In addition, vitamin D is connected to a variety of other diseases that include different cancer types, muscular weakness, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, schizophrenia and depression.
Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. A deficiency of vitamin D has been attributed to several diseases. Since its production in the skin depends on exposure to UVB-radiation via the sunlight, the level of vitamin D is of crucial importance for the health of inhabitants who live in the Nordic latitudes where there is diminished exposure to sunlight during the winter season. Therefore, fortification or supplementation of vitamin D is necessary for most of the people living in the northern latitudes during the winter season to maintain adequate levels of circulating 25(OH)D3 to maintain optimal body function and prevent diseases.
回顾当前关于维生素D对健康影响的文献，尤其是对生活在北纬地区居民的影响。
文献综述。
回顾了有关维生素D对健康影响的科学文献，并讨论了针对生活在北纬地区居民的当前饮食建议。
维生素D是一种类固醇结构的激素，在皮肤暴露于中波紫外线辐射时产生，或从某些食物产品（如肝脏）中获取。它的产生由属于核受体家族的维生素D受体介导，并作为调节多个靶基因的转录因子发挥作用。维生素D的活性代谢产物在钙和磷的稳态中起重要作用。维生素D缺乏会导致骨矿化减少和骨折风险增加。此外，维生素D与多种其他疾病有关，包括不同类型的癌症、肌肉无力、高血压、自身免疫性疾病、多发性硬化症、1型糖尿病、精神分裂症和抑郁症。
维生素D在钙和磷的稳态中起基本作用。维生素D缺乏与多种疾病有关。由于其在皮肤中的产生取决于通过阳光暴露于中波紫外线辐射，维生素D水平对于生活在北欧纬度地区的居民的健康至关重要，在这些地区冬季阳光照射减少。因此，对于大多数生活在北纬地区的人来说，在冬季强化或补充维生素D是必要的，以维持足够水平的循环25(OH)D3，以维持最佳身体功能并预防疾病。
